Egypt–Syria campaign of the French Revolutionary Wars
Shubra Khit
Pyramids
Nile
1st Cairo
El Arish
Jaffa
Acre
Mount Tabor
1st Aboukir
Heliopolis
2nd Aboukir
Mandora
Canope
Fort Julien
2nd Cairo
Alexandria (capitulation)
War of the Second Coalition: Egypt and Syria
800km 500miles
6
5
Jaffa
4
Cairo
3
Alexandria
2
Malta
1
current battle
Napoleon in command till 23 August 1799
The Battle of the Pyramids, also known as the Battle of Embabeh, was a major engagement fought on 21 July 1798, during the French Invasion of Egypt. The battle took place near the village of Embabeh, across the Nile River from Cairo, but was named by Napoleon after the Great Pyramid of Giza visible nearly nine miles away.
After capturing Alexandria and crossing the desert, the French army, led by General Napoleon Bonaparte, scored a decisive victory against the main army of the local Mamluk rulers, wiping out almost the entire Ottoman army located in Egypt. It was the first battle where Bonaparte personally devised and employed the divisional square tactic to great effect. The deployment of the French brigades into these massive rectangular formations repeatedly threw back multiple cavalry charges of the Mamluks.
The victory effectively sealed the French conquest of Egypt as Murad Bey salvaged the remnants of his army, chaotically fleeing to Upper Egypt. French casualties amounted to roughly 300, but Ottoman and Mamluk casualties soared to approximately 10,000. Napoleon entered Cairo after the battle and created a new local administration under his supervision. The campaign formed part of a great global rivalry between France and Britain; the French objective was to establish a base from which to continue its campaign against British India. After the French fleet was destroyed by Horatio Nelson at the Battle of the Nile, Bonaparte marched through the Levant until his advance was stalled by Anglo-Turkish forces at Acre.[7]
^ abcRoberts 2015, p. 132.
^ abcChandler 2009, p. 224.
^ abcdNiox 1887, p. 110.
^Strathern 2008, p. 119.
^Chandler 2009, p. 226.
^Strathern 2008, p. 128.
^Addington, Larry (1994). The patterns of war since the 18th century. Indiana University Press. p. 25. ISBN 978-0253301321.
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