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French campaign in Egypt and Syria information


For other conflicts, see Franco-Ottoman War.
"French invasion of Egypt" redirects here. For the 20th-century conflict, see Suez Crisis.

French campaign in Egypt and Syria
Part of the War of the Second Coalition
French campaign in Egypt and SyriaBattle of the PyramidsBattle of the NileRevolt of CairoBattle of Abukir (1799)Battle of Abukir (1801)Battle of Alexandria (1801)
French campaign in Egypt and Syria

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Left to right, top to bottom:
Battles of the Pyramids, the Nile, Cairo, Abukir (1799), Abukir (1801), and Alexandria (1801)
Date1 July 1798 – 2 September 1801
(3 years, 2 months and 1 day)
Location
Ottoman Empire
Result

Anglo-Ottoman victory

  • End of Mamluk rule in Egypt
  • Formal end of the Franco-Ottoman alliance
  • Failure of French expedition to Syria
  • Capitulation of French administration in Egypt
Belligerents

Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire

  • Ottoman Egypt Eyalet of Egypt
  • French campaign in Egypt and Syria Mamluks
  • Nablus Tribesman[1]
  • Bedouin Tribesman (1798-1799)
  • Albanian Bashi-bazouks

French campaign in Egypt and Syria Great Britain (1798–1800)
French campaign in Egypt and Syria United Kingdom (1801)

Bedouin Tribesman (1801)
Regency of Algiers Regency of Algiers[2]

French campaign in Egypt and Syria French Republic

  • Armée d'Orient
Commanders and leaders
Ottoman Empire Selim III
Ottoman Empire Yusuf Pasha
Ottoman Egypt Mustafa Pasha
Ottoman Egypt Muhammad Ali Pasha
Ottoman Egypt Jezzar Pasha
Ottoman Egypt Abdullah Pasha
Ottoman Egypt Murad Bey
Ottoman Egypt Ibrahim Bey
Ottoman Egypt Abdallah Bey Executed
Ottoman Egypt Haim Farhi
French campaign in Egypt and Syria Ralph Abercromby (DOW)
French campaign in Egypt and Syria Gordon Drummond
French campaign in Egypt and Syria Samuel Graham
French campaign in Egypt and Syria John Moore
French campaign in Egypt and Syria George Ramsay
French campaign in Egypt and Syria John Hely-Hutchinson
French campaign in Egypt and Syria William Beresford
French campaign in Egypt and Syria Sidney Smith
French campaign in Egypt and Syria Horatio Nelson
French campaign in Egypt and Syria Antoine de Phélippeaux #		 French campaign in Egypt and Syria Napoleon Bonaparte
French campaign in Egypt and Syria Jean Kléber †
French campaign in Egypt and Syria Thomas Dumas
French campaign in Egypt and Syria Jacques Menou Surrendered
French campaign in Egypt and Syria Jean Lannes
French campaign in Egypt and Syria Louis Desaix
French campaign in Egypt and Syria Joachim Murat
French campaign in Egypt and Syria Louis-Nicolas Davout
French campaign in Egypt and Syria Jean Rapp
French campaign in Egypt and Syria René Savary
French campaign in Egypt and Syria Jean-Antoine Verdier
French campaign in Egypt and Syria Jean Reynier
French campaign in Egypt and Syria Louis André Bon †
French campaign in Egypt and Syria Jean-Baptiste Bessières
French campaign in Egypt and Syria Cousin de Dommartin (DOW)
French campaign in Egypt and Syria Maximilian Caffarelli (DOW)
French campaign in Egypt and Syria Jean-Baptiste Perrée
French campaign in Egypt and Syria Charles Dugua
French campaign in Egypt and Syria Martin Dupuy †
First French Empire Brueys d'Aigalliers †
First French Empire Pierre-Charles Villeneuve
French First Republic Horace Sébastiani
French First Republic Charles-Louis Lasalle
French First Republic Rose de Beauharnais
French First Republic Louis Bonaparte
French First Republic Géraud Duroc
French First Republic Joseph Sulkowski (DOW)
French First Republic Louis Friant
Strength
Ottoman Empire 220,000 soldiers
Kingdom of Great Britain 30,000 soldiers		 French campaign in Egypt and Syria 40,000 soldiers
10,000 sailors
Casualties and losses
Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire:
50,000 killed and wounded[3]
15,000 captured
Total: 65,000		 French campaign in Egypt and Syria France:
15,000 killed and wounded[3]
23,500 captured[4]
Total: 38,500
War of the Second Coalition:
Egypt and Syria
Map
French campaign in Egypt and Syria
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French campaign in Egypt and Syria
800km
500miles
6
Battle of Mount Tabor (1799) on 16 April 1799
5
Siege of Acre (1799) from 20 March to 21 May 1799
Jaffa
4
Siege of Jaffa from 3 to 7 March 1799
Cairo
3
Battle of the Pyramids on 21 July 1798 Revolt of Cairo from 21 to 22 October 1798 Napoleon's return to France Siege of Cairo from May to June 1801
Alexandria
2
Battle of the Nile from 1 to 3 August 1798 Napoleon's return to France from 23 August to 9 October 1799 Siege of Alexandria (1801) from 17 August to 2 September 1801
Malta
1
French invasion of Malta from 10 to 12 June 1798
  
  Napoleon in command till 23 August 1799
Part of a series on the
History of Egypt
Prehistoric Egypt
Predynastic Period6000–3000 BC
Ancient Egypt
Early Dynastic Period3150–2686 BC
Old Kingdom2686–2181 BC
1st Intermediate Period2181–2055 BC
Middle Kingdom2055–1650 BC
2nd Intermediate Period1650–1550 BC
New Kingdom1550–1069 BC
3rd Intermediate Period1069–664 BC
Late Period664–332 BC
Greco-Roman Egypt
Argead dynasty332–310 BC
Ptolemaic dynasties310–30 BC
Roman and Byzantine Egypt30 BC–641 AD
Sasanian Egypt619–629
Medieval Egypt
Rashidun caliphate641–661
Umayyad caliphate661–750
Abbasid dynasty750–935
Tulunid dynasty868–905
Ikhshidid dynasty935–969
Fatimid dynasty969–1171
Ayyubid dynasty1171–1250
Mamluk dynasty1250–1517
Early modern Egypt
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French occupation1798–1801
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British occupation1882–1922
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Kingdom of Egypt1922–1953
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The French campaign in Egypt and Syria (1798–1801) was a Napoleonic campaign in the Ottoman territories of Egypt and Syria, executed by Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon proclaimed to "defend French trade interests" and to establish "scientific enterprise" in the region. It was the primary purpose of the Mediterranean campaign of 1798, which was a series of naval engagements that included the capture of Malta and the Greek island Crete, later arriving in the Port of Alexandria. The campaign ended in defeat for Napoleon after abandoning his troops to head back to France for the looming risk of a Second Coalition. This led to the death and withdrawal of French troops in the region.

On a scientific front, the expedition was a success that led to the discovery of the Rosetta Stone, creating the field of Egyptology. Despite early victories and an initially successful expedition into Syria, Napoleon and his Armée d'Orient were eventually defeated and forced to withdraw, especially after suffering the defeat of the supporting French fleet by the British Royal Navy at the Battle of the Nile.

  1. ^ Strathern 2008, p. 351.
  2. ^ Daniel Panzac (2005). Barbary Corsairs. Brill. ISBN 9789004125940.
  3. ^ a b Warfare and Armed Conflicts : A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492-2015 (in French). p. 106..
  4. ^ Barthorp 1992, p. 6.

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