The basal angiosperms are the flowering plants which diverged from the lineage leading to most flowering plants. In particular, the most basal angiosperms were called the ANITA grade, which is made up of Amborella (a single species of shrub from New Caledonia), Nymphaeales (water lilies, together with some other aquatic plants) and Austrobaileyales (woody aromatic plants including star anise).[1]
ANITA stands for Amborella, Nymphaeales, Illiciales, Trimeniaceae, and Austrobaileya.[2] Some authors have shortened this to ANA-grade for the three orders, Amborellales, Nymphaeales, and Austrobaileyales, since the order Iliciales was reduced to the family Illiciaceae and placed, along with the family Trimeniaceae, within the Austrobaileyales.
The basal angiosperms are only a few hundred species, compared with hundreds of thousands of species of eudicots, monocots, and magnoliids. They diverged from the ancestral angiosperm lineage before the five groups comprising the mesangiosperms diverged from each other.
^Thien, L. B.; Bernhardt, P.; Devall, M. S.; Chen, Z.-d.; Luo, Y.-b.; Fan, J.-H.; Yuan, L.-C.; Williams, J. H. (2009), "Pollination biology of basal angiosperms (ANITA grade)", American Journal of Botany, 96 (1): 166–182, doi:10.3732/ajb.0800016, PMID 21628182
^Yin-Long Qiu; Jungho Lee; Fabiana Bernasconi-Quadroni; Douglas E. Soltis; Pamela S. Soltis; Michael Zanis; Elizabeth A. Zimmer; Zhiduan Chen; Vincent Savolainen; Mark W. Chase (1999). "The earliest angiosperms: Evidence from mitochondrial, plastid and nuclear genomes". Nature. 402 (6760): 404–407. Bibcode:1999Natur.402..404Q. doi:10.1038/46536. PMID 10586879. S2CID 4380796.
The basalangiosperms are the flowering plants which diverged from the lineage leading to most flowering plants. In particular, the most basal angiosperms...
(core angiosperms) is a clade of flowering plants (angiosperms), informally called "mesangiosperms". They are one of two main groups of angiosperms. It...
genera and 300,000 known species. Angiosperms were formerly called Magnoliophyta (/mæɡˌnoʊliˈɒfətə, -əˈfaɪtə/). Angiosperms are distinguished from the other...
collaborate to establish a consensus on the taxonomy of flowering plants (angiosperms) that reflects new knowledge about plant relationships discovered through...
angiosperms include magnoliids and what are sometimes referred to as basalangiosperms or paleodicots, but these terms have not been widely or consistently...
early branching basal grade, the basalangiosperms (ANA grade) with three lineages and a larger late branching grade, the core angiosperms (mesangiosperms)...
The same is supposed for some other basalangiosperms. It is believed that early in the development of angiosperm lineages, there was a duplication in...
Arabidopsis thaliana, and the basalangiosperms Amborella, Nuphar (Nymphaeaceae), Illicium, the monocots, and more derived angiosperms (eudicots), chloroplast...
with those of angiosperms, or vessel elements that originated in a precursor to the angiosperms may have been subsequently lost in some basal lineages (e...
relationship to other members of the clade is not known. paraphyletic grade basalangiosperms family Amborellaceae family Chloranthaceae family Nymphaeaceae [+...
modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy for flowering plants (angiosperms) being developed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). It...
single small genus Vahlia. The remainder of the lamiids are referred to as "basal lamiids", in which Garryales is the sister group to the core lamiids. It...
flowering plants, also known as angiosperms or magnoliophytes, the largest and most diverse group of spermatophytes: Angiosperms, the flowering plants, possess...
dispersed than other basalangiosperms. Nymphaeaceae is placed in the order Nymphaeales, which is the second diverging group of angiosperms after Amborella...
waratah species A microscopic pollen grain of Arabis, showing three colpi The basal eudicots are a group of 13 related families of flowering plants in four...
paraphyletic grouping of early-branching taxa known collectively as the basalangiosperms, plus the families Ceratophyllaceae and Chloranthaceae.[citation needed]...
plants, containing about 70,000 species, more than a quarter of all angiosperms. The clade is divided into 16 to 20 orders, depending upon circumscription...
clubmosses, horsetails, ferns, gymnosperms (including conifers), and angiosperms (flowering plants). Scientific names for the group include Tracheophyta...
embryos other than the Amaryllidaceae. They also include the only marine angiosperms growing completely submerged, the seagrasses. The flowers are usually...
and Israel, likely representing basalangiosperms. The earliest known macrofossil confidently identified as an angiosperm, Archaefructus liaoningensis,...
subclass Magnoliidae (= dicotyledons), in the class Magnoliopsida (= angiosperms) and used this circumscription (including the plants placed in order...
the Nymphaeaceae (water lilies). It is one of the three orders of basalangiosperms, an early-diverging grade of flowering plants. At least 10 morphological...
Peter F. Stevens is a member of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). The taxonomy presented is broadly based on the work of the APG, with modifications...
ISSN 2055-0278. PMID 36376504. S2CID 253521093. Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders...
are genera in the Nymphaeaceae family of order Nymphaeales, and are basalangiosperms. All other plants listed here are monocots. This page is an index...
(November 2000). "New Perspectives on the Pollination Biology of BasalAngiosperms". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 161 (S6): S225–S235. doi:10...
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