Evolution of angiosperms shown in diagram format, per APG IV
The APG IV system of flowering plant classification is the fourth version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy for flowering plants (angiosperms) being developed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). It was published in 2016, seven years after its predecessor the APG III system was published in 2009, and 18 years after the first APG system was published in 1998.[1] In 2009, a linear arrangement of the system was published separately;[2] the APG IV paper includes such an arrangement, cross-referenced to the 2009 one.[1]
Compared to the APG III system, the APG IV system recognizes five new orders (Boraginales, Dilleniales, Icacinales, Metteniusales and Vahliales), along with some new families, making a total of 64 angiosperm orders and 416 families.[1] In general, the authors describe their philosophy as "conservative", based on making changes from APG III only where "a well-supported need" has been demonstrated. This has sometimes resulted in placements that are not compatible with published studies, but where further research is needed before the classification can be changed.[3]
Group (APG). Published in 2009, it was superseded in 2016 by a further revision, the APGIVsystem. Along with the publication outlining the new system, there...
containing ferulic acid. The commelinids are the only clade that the APGIVsystem has informally named within the monocots. The remaining monocots are...
The APG II system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II system) of plant classification is the second, now obsolete, version of a modern, mostly molecular-based...
flowering plants. The order did not exist in the 2009 APG III system, and was added in the 2016 APGIVsystem, including two families, Icacinaceae and Oncothecaceae...
circumscription has varied widely. In its current circumscription in the APGIVsystem, it includes about 40 genera and 900 known species. The type genus is...
families into an order. The order remains unchanged in the APGIVsystem. Under the Cronquist system, the Zygophyllaceae were included within the Sapindales...
flowering plants. The APGIVsystem of 2016 (unchanged from the APG III system of 2009, the APG II system of 2003 and the APGsystem of 1998) places the...
"lizard's-tail family". The APGIVsystem (2016; unchanged from the 2009 APG III system, the 2003 APG II system and the 1998 APGsystem) assigned it to the order...
classification schemes. Under the 2009 APG III system the Francoaceae were included within the Melianthaceae. In the 2016 APGIVsystem the Francoaceae are again recognized...
Buxales are a small order of eudicot flowering plants, recognized by the APGIVsystem of 2016. The order includes the family Buxaceae; the families Didymelaceae...
cultivated or harvested from the wild for similar applications. The APGIVsystem (2016) places the genus in the family Asphodelaceae, subfamily Asphodeloideae...
currently favor the APGIVsystem of 2016 over the older Cronquist system for classifying flowering plants (Angiosperms). The 2009 APG III system assigned the...
In the APGIVsystem (2016) for the classification of flowering plants, the name asterids denotes a clade (a monophyletic group). Asterids is the largest...
Australia. The best known representative is Kingia australis. The 2016 APGIVsystem places the family in the order Arecales, after several studies revealed...
species of the genus Gomortega and, according to the APGIVsystem of 2016 (unchanged from the APGsystems of 2009, 2003 and 1998), of the monotypic family...
the order Buxales for this family and the family Didymelaceae. In the APGIVsystem of 2016, Haptanthus and Didymeles are included in Buxaceae, which is...
many taxonomists. The APGIVsystem (2016; unchanged from the APG III system of 2009, the APG II system of 2003 and the APGsystem of 1998), recognizes...
recent research were published as the APG II system in 2003, the APG III system in 2009, and the APGIVsystem in 2016. Traditionally, the flowering plants...
hundred species including nutmeg) The APGsystem (1998), APG II system (2003), APG III system (2009), and APGIVsystem (2016) place this order in the clade...
Phylogeny Group APGIVsystem traditionally called dicots, together with the older Cronquist system. Under the Dahlgren and Thorne systems, the subclass...
recognized by the most recent classification of flowering plants, the APGIVsystem. It is defined to contain two families: Canellaceae and Winteraceae...
Peperomias, pepper elder, lizard's tail, birthwort, and wild ginger. In the APGIVsystem, of 2016, this order is placed in the clade magnoliids and is circumscribed...
family Taccaceae, but the 2003 APG II system incorporates it into the family Dioscoreaceae. The APG III and APGIVsystems continue to include Tacca in...
it always includes the family Asteraceae (Compositae). In the modern APGIVsystem of classification, asterid and euasterid are names for clades with a...
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