Diversity of monocots which includes wheat (Triticum), taro (Colocasia esculenta), date palm, (Phoenix dactylifera), Zostera marina, lily (Lilium), Pandanus heterocarpus, and ginger (Zingiber officinale)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
Clade:
Tracheophytes
Clade:
Angiosperms
Clade:
Monocots
Type genus
Lilium
L.[1]
Orders
alismatid monocots
Acorales
Alismatales
lilioid monocots
Asparagales
Dioscoreales
Liliales
Pandanales
Petrosaviales
commelinid monocots
Arecales
Commelinales
Poales
Zingiberales
Synonyms
Alternifoliae Bessey[2]
Endogenae DC.[3]
Lilianae Takht.[4][5]
Liliatae Cronquist, Takht. & W.Zimm.[a][1]
Liliidae Takht.[b][5][8]
Liliopsida Batsch[9]
Monocotyleae Eichler[10]
Monocotyledonae E.Morren ex Mez[11][c]
Monocotyledones
Monocotyledons (/ˌmɒnəˌkɒtəˈliːdənz/),[d][13][14] commonly referred to as monocots, (Lilianaesensu Chase & Reveal) are grass and grass-like flowering plants (angiosperms), the seeds of which typically contain only one embryonic leaf, or cotyledon. They constitute one of the major groups into which the flowering plants have traditionally been divided; the rest of the flowering plants have two cotyledons and are classified as dicotyledons, or dicots.
Monocotyledons have almost always been recognized as a group, but with various taxonomic ranks and under several different names. The APG III system of 2009 recognises a clade called "monocots" but does not assign it to a taxonomic rank.
The monocotyledons include about 70,000 species, about a quarter of all angiosperms. The largest family in this group (and in the flowering plants as a whole) by number of species are the orchids (family Orchidaceae), with more than 20,000 species. About 12,000 species belong to the true grasses (Poaceae), which are economically the most important family of monocotyledons. Often mistaken for grasses, sedges are also monocots.
In agriculture the majority of the biomass produced comes from monocotyledons. These include not only major grains (rice, wheat, maize, etc.), but also forage grasses, sugar cane, the bamboos, and many other common food and decorative crops.
^ abcdCronquist, Takhtajan & Zimmermann 1966.
^Bessey 1915.
^de Candolle 1819.
^Cite error: The named reference Tropiclilianae was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abTakhtajan 1966.
^Takhtajan 1964.
^Cite error: The named reference Tropicliliidae was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Thorne 1992a.
^Cite error: The named reference Tropiclilio was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Eichler 1886.
^Cite error: The named reference Tropicmono was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
Monocotyledons (/ˌmɒnəˌkɒtəˈliːdənz/), commonly referred to as monocots, (Lilianae sensu Chase & Reveal) are grass and grass-like flowering plants (angiosperms)...
The monocots (or monocotyledons) are one of the two major groups of flowering plants (or Angiosperms), the other being the dicots (or dicotyledons). In...
This page's list covers the monocotyledon plants found in Great Britain and Ireland. This clade includes grasses, lilies, orchids, irises and a wide variety...
within this group. The other group of flowering plants were called monocotyledons (or monocots), typically each having one cotyledon. Historically, these...
aerial portions of the plant. The cotyledon of grasses and many other monocotyledons is a highly modified leaf composed of a scutellum and a coleoptile....
pseudopetiole, a petiole like structure. Pseudopetioles occur in some monocotyledons including bananas, palms and bamboos. Stipules may be conspicuous (e...
modern meaning of all the flowering plants including Dicotyledons and Monocotyledons. The APG system treats the flowering plants as an unranked clade without...
the seed leaves, attached to the embryonic axis. There may be one (Monocotyledons), or two (Dicotyledons). The cotyledons are also the source of nutrients...
Monocotyledon species found in Montana number at least 615. The Montana Natural Heritage Program has identified a number of monocot species as Species...
Family). It is considered synonymous (or nearly synonymous) with the name monocotyledon. Publication of the name is credited to Scopoli (in 1760): see author...
the traditional sense) are paraphyletic because the group excludes monocotyledons. "Dicotyledon" has not been used as a botanic classification for decades...
involucrata var. involucrata There are 16 species and two varieties of monocotyledon assessed as conservation dependent. Species Actinokentia huerlimannii...
treated this as one of six subclasses within the class Liliopsida (=monocotyledons). It consisted of the following:[citation needed] subclass Commelinidae...
Humphries, C.J., eds. (1995), Monocotyledons: systematics and evolution (Proceedings of the International Symposium on Monocotyledons: Systematics and Evolution...
ISBN 971-22-0130-9, ISBN 978-971-22-0130-1 "Cyperus iria L. - CYPERACEAE - Monocotyledon". Archived from the original on 2011-07-27. Retrieved 2009-11-17. Cyperus...
The Poales are a large order of flowering plants in the monocotyledons, and includes families of plants such as the grasses, bromeliads, rushes and sedges...
of tissue that surrounds the radicle (the embryonic primary root) in monocotyledon seeds. During germination, the coleorhiza is the first part to grow...
assigned the order to the subclass Arecidae in the class Liliopsida (= monocotyledons). The Thorne system (1992) and the Dahlgren system assigned the order...
or from the hypocotyl rather than from the radicle of a germinating monocotyledon. adventive Introduced accidentally (usually referring to a weed). aerial...
energy store. Plants which grow out one of these primordia are called monocotyledons, while those that grow out two are dicotyledons. The next stage is called...
from the original on 6 November 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2022. herbaceous monocotyledons lack cambial secondary growth but may have tough leaves and hard, fibrous...
"Apertures with Lids: Distribution and Significance of Operculate Pollen in Monocotyledons". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 164 (6): 835–854. doi:10...
called skotomorphogenesis, which contrasts photomorphogenesis. Epicotyl Monocotyledon Dicotyledon "hypocotyl". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford...
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