A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) is a DNA construct, based on a functional fertility plasmid (or F-plasmid), used for transforming and cloning in bacteria, usually E. coli.[1][2][3] F-plasmids play a crucial role because they contain partition genes that promote the even distribution of plasmids after bacterial cell division. The bacterial artificial chromosome's usual insert size is 150–350 kbp.[4] A similar cloning vector called a PAC has also been produced from the DNA of P1 bacteriophage.
BACs were often used to sequence the genomes of organisms in genome projects, for example the Human Genome Project, though they have been replaced by more modern technologies. In BAC sequencing, short piece of the organism's DNA is amplified as an insert in BACs, and then sequenced. Finally, the sequenced parts are rearranged in silico, resulting in the genomic sequence of the organism. BACs were replaced with faster and less laborious sequencing methods like whole genome shotgun sequencing and now more recently next-gen sequencing.
^O'Connor M, Peifer M, Bender W (June 1989). "Construction of large DNA segments in Escherichia coli". Science. 244 (4910): 1307–12. Bibcode:1989Sci...244.1307O. doi:10.1126/science.2660262. PMID 2660262.
^Shizuya H, Birren B, Kim UJ, Mancino V, Slepak T, Tachiiri Y, Simon M (September 1992). "Cloning and stable maintenance of 300-kilobase-pair fragments of human DNA in Escherichia coli using an F-factor-based vector". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 89 (18): 8794–7. Bibcode:1992PNAS...89.8794S. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.18.8794. PMC 50007. PMID 1528894.
^Shizuya H, Kouros-Mehr H (March 2001). "The development and applications of the bacterial artificial chromosome cloning system" (PDF). The Keio Journal of Medicine. 50 (1): 26–30. doi:10.2302/kjm.50.26. PMID 11296661.
^Stone NE, Fan JB, Willour V, Pennacchio LA, Warrington JA, Hu A, de la Chapelle A, Lehesjoki AE, Cox DR, Myers RM (March 1996). "Construction of a 750-kb bacterial clone contig and restriction map in the region of human chromosome 21 containing the progressive myoclonus epilepsy gene". Genome Research. 6 (3): 218–25. doi:10.1101/gr.6.3.218. PMID 8963899.
and 24 Related for: Bacterial artificial chromosome information
due to stability issues, YACs were abandoned for the use of bacterialartificialchromosome [2] The bakers' yeast S. cerevisiae is one of the most important...
Artificialchromosome may refer to: Yeast artificialchromosomeBacterialartificialchromosome Human artificialchromosome P1-derived artificial chromosome...
viral vectors. Yeast artificialchromosomes and bacterialartificialchromosomes were created before human artificialchromosomes, which were first developed...
prior to DNA extraction. P1 artificialchromosomes (PACs) have features of both P1 vectors and BacterialArtificialChromosomes (BACs). Similar to P1 vectors...
include plasmids, bacteriophages (such as phage λ), cosmids, and bacterialartificialchromosomes (BACs). Some DNA, however, cannot be stably maintained in E...
phage with lysogeny genes deleted, cosmids, bacterialartificialchromosomes, or yeast artificialchromosomes are used. Another major use of plasmids is...
histone-like proteins, which associate with the bacterialchromosome. In archaea, the DNA in chromosomes is even more organized, with the DNA packaged within...
and for modifying DNA of any source often contained on a bacterialartificialchromosome (BAC), among other applications. Although developed in bacteria...
into a type of vector known as "bacterialartificialchromosomes", or BACs, which are derived from bacterialchromosomes which have been genetically engineered...
biological techniques allowed the construction of libraries in bacterialartificialchromosomes (BACs), which provided better vectors for molecular cloning...
the RSTS/E timesharing system for compiled BASIC-PLUS files BacterialArtificialChromosome, a DNA construct used for transforming and cloning in bacteria...
the gene to be mapped. Libraries of large fragments, mainly bacterialartificialchromosome libraries, are mostly used in genomic projects. To identify...
particular region of the chromosome may be present in a bacterial cell, as cell division is not precisely matched with chromosome replication. The process...
after initial BAC contig construction. These gaps occur if the BacterialArtificialChromosome (BAC) library screened has low complexity, meaning it does...
thousands to millions of base pairs), then a bacterialartificialchromosome or yeast artificialchromosome vector is often chosen. Specialized applications...
genomics, particularly large fragment DNA cloning and BAC (BacterialArtificialChromosome) library technologies. Wu is the main contributor of the first...
high volume of data that come out of an array platform. BAC (BacterialArtificialChromosome) arrays were historically the first microarray platform to...
population maintaining a single artificialchromosome, are stored in various laboratories around the world. The artificialchromosomes (BAC) can be grown, extracted...
extracted, amplified, sequenced, labelled and mapped from bacterialartificialchromosomes (BACs). BACs were developed during the Human Genome Project...
(17 September 2002). "Cloning the vaccinia virus genome as a bacterialartificialchromosome in Escherichia coli and recovery of infectious virus in mammalian...
either by contigs amplification with PCR and sequencing or by BacterialArtificialChromosome (BAC) cloning. Filling these gaps is not always possible, in...
have been reported. Initially these advances involved using bacterialartificialchromosome (BAC) array with around 1 megabase of intervals throughout...
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