King of the Achaemenid Empire from 359/8 to 338 BC
Artaxerxes III 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐏂
King of Kings
Great King
King of Persia
Pharaoh of Egypt
King of Countries
The Rock relief of Artaxerxes III in Persepolis
King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire
Reign
359/8–338 BC
Predecessor
Artaxerxes II
Successor
Arses
Pharaoh of Egypt
Reign
340/39–338 BC
Predecessor
Nectanebo II
Successor
Arses
Born
Ochus
Died
August/September 338 BC[1]
Burial
Persepolis
Issue
Arses
Parysatis II
Dynasty
Achaemenid
Father
Artaxerxes II
Mother
Stateira
Religion
Zoroastrianism
Ochus (Greek: ὮχοςOchos), known by his dynastic name Artaxerxes III (Old Persian: 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎠Artaxšaçāʰ; Greek: Ἀρταξέρξης), was King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire from 359/58 to 338 BC. He was the son and successor of Artaxerxes II and his mother was Stateira.
Before ascending the throne Artaxerxes was a satrap and commander of his father's army. Artaxerxes came to power after one of his brothers was executed, another committed suicide, the last murdered and his father, Artaxerxes II died. Soon after becoming king, Artaxerxes murdered all of the royal family to secure his place as king. He started two major campaigns against Egypt. The first campaign failed, and was followed up by rebellions throughout the western part of his empire. During the second invasion, Artaxerxes finally defeated Nectanebo II, the Pharaoh of Egypt, bringing the country back into the Persian fold after six decades.
In Artaxerxes' later years, Philip II of Macedon's power was increasing in Greece, where he tried to convince the Greeks to revolt against the Achaemenid Empire. His activities were opposed by Artaxerxes, and with his support, the city of Perinthus resisted a Macedonian siege.
There is evidence for a renewed building policy at Persepolis in his later life, where Artaxerxes erected a new palace and built his own tomb, and began long-term projects such as the Unfinished Gate.
of Artaxerxes II and his mother was Stateira. Before ascending the throne Artaxerxes was a satrap and commander of his father's army. Artaxerxes came...
338 BC, ArtaxerxesIII met an abrupt end after being poisoned by the court eunuch and chiliarch (hazahrapatish) Bagoas, who installed Artaxerxes' youngest...
Kings from 338 to 336 BC. Arses ascended the throne, after his father ArtaxerxesIII—who had caused a resurgence of the Persian Empire—was poisoned by the...
rulers of the Parthian Empire notably considered Artaxerxes II their progenitor. The given name of Artaxerxes II was, as rendered in Greek, Arses (Ἄρσης; Babylonian:...
graves behind the compound at Persepolis would then belong to Artaxerxes II and ArtaxerxesIII. The unfinished tomb, a kilometer away from the city, is debated...
Pericles). Artaxerxes II is said to have had more than 115 sons from 350 wives. In 358 BC Artaxerxes II died and was succeeded by his son ArtaxerxesIII. In...
various rulers have been proposed by scholars, including Ashurbanipal, ArtaxerxesIII, Tigranes the Great, Antiochus IV Epiphanes, Cambyses II, Xerxes and...
successor of Artaxerxes II Artaxerxes IV of Persia (died 336 BC), Artaxerxes IV Arses, r. 338–336 BC, son and successor of ArtaxerxesIIIArtaxerxes V of Persia...
first and then killed Xerxes. After Artaxerxes discovered the murder, he killed Artabanus and his sons. Artaxerxes had to face a revolt in Egypt in 460–454...
court. Artaxerxes I Artaxerxes was another of Xerxes’ sons whom the succession fell to after the deaths of his father and older brothers. Artaxerxes ruled...
reportedly an illegitimate son of Artaxerxes I by his concubine Alogyne of Babylon. The last inscription mentioning Artaxerxes I being alive can be dated to...
Stateira and Parysatis, the former a daughter of Darius III and the latter a daughter of ArtaxerxesIII, for political reasons. He apparently had two sons...
Gordian III (Latin: Marcus Antonius Gordianus; 20 January 225 – c. February 244) was Roman emperor from 238 to 244. At the age of 13, he became the youngest...
Old Persian name *Bayaçā ("protecting from fear"). Artaxerxes is the Latin form of the Greek Artaxerxes (Αρταξέρξης), itself from the Old Persian Artaxšaçā...
Against Timotheus, xlix.3; Plutarch, Life of Artaxerxes, §24. Diodorus, xv.90. Plutarch, Life of Artaxerxes, §26-30; Justin, x.1-3; Aeolian, Varieties of...
Parysatis, the youngest daughter of ArtaxerxesIII of Persia, married Alexander the Great in 324 BC at the Susa weddings. She may have been murdered by...
of Egypt, incorporating the country into the Achaemenid Empire under ArtaxerxesIII. Nectanebo fled south. His subsequent fate is unknown. Nectanebo is...
Darius, the first born son, murdered by Artaxerxes I or Artabanus. Hystaspes, murdered by Artaxerxes I. Artaxerxes I Achaemenes, murdered by Egyptians.[citation...
inauspiciously when Artaxerxes lost some troops to quicksand at Barathra, and the fortress of Pelusium resisted an attempt to take it. Artaxerxes deployed three...
Amenhotep III (Ancient Egyptian: jmn-ḥtp(.w) Amānəḥūtpū, IPA: [ʔaˌmaːnəʔˈħutpu]; "Amun is Satisfied"), also known as Amenhotep the Magnificent or Amenhotep...
Thutmose III (variously also spelt Tuthmosis or Thothmes), sometimes called Thutmose the Great, was the sixth pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty. Officially...
the town of Pergamon, but eventually reconciled with Artaxerxes II's son and successor ArtaxerxesIII (r. 358–338 BC) and gave him back the town. Orontes...
Empire, dating from the 6th to 4th century BCE (reigns of Cyrus II to ArtaxerxesIII). These inscriptions are primary sources for the history of the empire...
celebrate its completion. Chapters 7–10 7. Letter of Artaxerxes to Ezra (Artaxerxes' rescript): King Artaxerxes is moved by God to commission Ezra "to inquire...
Parysatis Artaxerxes II Cyrus the Younger Oxathres or Oxendares or Oxendras Artoxexes Ostanes Amestris wife of Teritouchmes & then Artaxerxes II & seven...
with this name. Amenemhat III (Ancient Egyptian: Ỉmn-m-hꜣt meaning 'Amun is at the forefront'), also known as Amenemhet III, was a pharaoh of ancient...
Artoxares: an envoy of Artaxerxes I and Darius II of Persia. Bagoas (4th century BCE): prime minister of king ArtaxerxesIII of Persia, and his assassin...
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