Bactrian nobleman, military officer and satrap (died 344 BC)
Orontes I
Bronze coin of Orontes I, minted at Adramyteion between 357–352 BC
Died
344 BC
Allegiance
Achaemenid Empire
Battles/wars
Battle of Cunaxa
Spouse(s)
Rhodogune
Relations
Artasyrus (father) Orontes II (son or grandson)
Orontes I (Old Persian: *Arvanta-; died 344 BC) was a military officer of the Achaemenid Empire and satrap of the Armenia at the end of the 5th-century BC and first half of the 4th-century BC. He is notable for having led the unsuccessful Great Satraps' Revolt in Asia Minor against the Achaemenids from 362/1 BC to 360/359 BC.
He was the son of Artasyrus, a high-ranking Bactrian nobleman. Through his maternal line, Orontes traced his descent back to the Persian magnate Hydarnes, one of the six companions of the King of Kings Darius the Great (r. 522–486 BC). Orontes first appears in records in 401 BC as the satrap of Armenia. There he participated in the Battle of Cunaxa, where he pursued the Ten Thousand following their retreat. In the same year, he married Rhodogune, a daughter of Artaxerxes II (r. 404–358 BC).
In the 380s BC, Orontes along with the satrap Tiribazus were assigned to lead the campaign against Evagoras I (r. 411–374 BC), the king of Salamis in Cyprus. The campaign was initially successful, with Evagoras offering to make peace. However, after the negotiations between him and Tiribazus failed, Orontes accused the latter of deliberately prolonging the war and planning to declare independence. This led to Tiribazus' dismissal and imprisonment, triggering a chain of events which ultimately weakened the Persian forces, forcing Orontes to make peace with Evagoras in 380 BC. Artaxerxes II did not deem the conclusion of the war satisfactory, and as a result Orontes fell into disfavour.
Orontes later reappears in 362/1 BC, as the hyparch of Mysia and the leader of the revolting satraps of Asia Minor. The revolt was shortlived, as Orontes betrayed his allies and shifted his allegiance back to Artaxerxes II. Orontes reportedly thought that he would be greatly rewarded if he did so at such a critical point. Since he was in possession of the troops and money, many other rebellious satraps followed suit. By 360/359 BC, the revolt had ended. Orontes revolted a second time in 354/3 BC, most likely due to his disappointment with the rewards he received by the king. He seized the town of Pergamon, but eventually reconciled with Artaxerxes II's son and successor Artaxerxes III (r. 358–338 BC) and gave him back the town. Orontes later died in 344 BC.
Orontes is regarded as the ancestor of the Orontid dynasty, which established itself in Armenia, Sophene, and Commagene during the Achaemenid and Hellenistic period. Orontes II, who was the satrap of Armenia and led the Armenian contingent (together with Mithrenes) at the Battle of Gaugamela in 331 BC, was either a son or grandson of Orontes.
Inscription), which was Orontes. In 386/385 BC, Orontes was made joint commander of the Persian expedition against Evagoras I (r. 411–374 BC), the king...
(died 490s AD). In the Cyropaedia Orontes is unnamed, whilst in the History of Armenia he is given the name of Orontes. According to the Cyropaedia of Xenophon...
up Orontes in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Orontes (/ɔːˈrɒntiːz, oʊˈrɒn-/) may refer to: Orontes River, in Lebanon, Syria, and Turkey Orontes, a mythological...
The Orontes (/ɔːˈrɒntiːz/; from Ancient Greek Ὀρόντης, Oróntēs) or Nahr al-ʿĀṣī, or simply Asi (Arabic: العاصي, romanized: al-‘Āṣī, IPA: [alˈʕaːsˤiː];...
Armenia following Orontes, from 344 to 336 BC. An Armenian contingent was present at the Battle of Gaugamela under the command of Orontes and a certain Mithraustes...
by Karl Julius Beloch and Herman Brijder. This Orontes was also inferred to be a descendant of OrontesI and his wife Rhodogune, possibly their son or...
Achaemenid king as Darius III 336–330 BC Orontes II, satrap before 338 BC, king 336–331 BC?, son or grandson of OrontesI – first ruler to rule as king Mithrenes...
fief, since his descendants governed it until the Hellenistic period. OrontesI (died 344 BC), the ancestor of the Orontid dynasty, was descended from...
to the Orontid dynasty, founded by OrontesI. Ptolemaeus' father was King Orontes IV of Armenia, son of Arsames I. Ptolemaeus was the last satrap (governor)...
king OrontesI Sakavakyats of Armenia (570–560 BC). In the first half of the 2nd century AD, under the reign of the Armenian Arsacid king Vagharsh I of...
Lynkestis Antigonus I Monophthalmus (d. 301 BC), Macedonian general under Alexander the Great and king of Macedon 306-301 OrontesI of Armenia (b. 425...
instigated a revolt against Orontes, headed by Artaxias I. Aramaic inscriptions found at Armavir state that King Orontes IV died at the hands of his own...
(1973). "Orontes". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 22 (4): 515–551. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 4435366. Schmitt, Rüdiger (2002). "Orontes". In Yarshater...
Yervand II), son of OrontesI, ruler of the Satrapy of Armenia Orontes III (native Armenian name Yervand III), King of Armenia Orontes IV (native Armenian...
RMS Orontes was a steam ocean liner of the Orient Steam Navigation Company that was launched in 1902 and scrapped in 1925. Orontes was a troop ship in...
Antioch on the Orontes (/ˈænti.ɒk/; Ancient Greek: Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου, romanized: Antiókheia hē epì Oróntou, pronounced [anti.ó.kʰeː.a]) was a Hellenistic...
following the death of Jam ī Xšēd (Jamshid),[clarification needed] Dahāg gained kingly rule. Another late Zoroastrian text, the Mēnog ī xrad, says this was ultimately...
"Orontes". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 22 (4): 515–551. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 4435366. Osborne, Michael J. (1971). "Athens and Orontes"...
Chuzi II, Chinese ruler of the Zhou Dynasty (approximate date) 382 BC OrontesI of Armenia (b. 425 BC), son of Artasyrus 381 BC Wu Qi, Chinese military...
ornament worn with turban Havalim (חֲבָליִם) ropes that are referenced in Kings I 20:31. Used as a sign of mourning. Kashket Kippah or yarmulke Kolpik Migba'at...
ruled by the Orontid dynasty of Iranian origin, which was descended from OrontesI, a Bactrian nobleman who was the son-in-law of the Achaemenid King of...
Orontes IV (r. 212 – 200 BC) at the instigation of Antiochus III. Movses Khorenatsi presents the following account of Artaxias' battle with Orontes,...
Orontes III (Old Persian: *Arvanta-) was King of Armenia. In his reign he struggled for control of the Kingdom of Sophene with king Antiochus II Theos...
Artaxerxes III Ochus King of Persia 358–338 Ariaspes prince Rodrogune married OrontesI satrap of Sophene & Metiene Apama married Pharnabazus II satrap of Phrygia...
of Urartu by the Medes. 570 BC Reign of OrontesI Sakavakyats. 512 BC Armenia is annexed to Persia by Darius I. Urartu is officially called Armenia in...
issued specifically to reward the troops of Chares. The Satrap of Mysia, OrontesI, was also on his side. Later, Artabazos was also supported by the Thebans...
Lensky, Eugene Onegin (Tchaikovsky) Martin, The Tender Land (Copland) Oronte, I Lombardi alla prima crociata (Verdi) Paris, La belle Hélène (Offenbach)...
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