Sound change within a word that indicates grammatical information
Not to be confused with Apophenia.
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Sound change and alternation
Metathesis
Quantitative metathesis
Lenition
Consonant gradation
Consonant voicing and devoicing
Assibilation
Spirantization
L-vocalization
Debuccalization
Fortition
Epenthesis
Prothesis
Paragoge
Unpacking
Vowel breaking
Elision
Apheresis
Syncope
Apocope
Haplology
Cluster reduction
Transphonologization
Compensatory lengthening
Nasalization
Tonogenesis
Floating tone
Assimilation
Fusion
Coarticulation
Palatalization
Velarization
Labialization
Final devoicing
Metaphony (vowel harmony, umlaut)
Consonant harmony
Dissimilation
Sandhi
Liaison, linking R
Consonant mutation
Tone sandhi
Vowel hiatus
Synalepha
Elision
Crasis
Synaeresis and diaeresis
Synizesis
Other types
Apophony
Affrication
Gemination
Clipping
Fronting
Raising
Betacism
Iotacism
Fusion
Merger
Compensatory lengthening
Monophthongization
Rhotacism
Rhinoglottophilia
Sulcalization
Shm-reduplication
Consonant mutation
Vowel shift
Chain shift
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In linguistics, apophony (also known as ablaut, (vowel) gradation, (vowel) mutation, alternation, internal modification, stem modification, stem alternation, replacive morphology, stem mutation, internal inflection etc.) is an alternation of vowel (quality) within a word that indicates grammatical information (often inflectional).
English record /ˈrɛkərd/ (noun) ↔ /rɨˈkɔrd/ "to make a record" Consonantal apophony, such as the initial-consonant mutations in Celtic languages, also exists...
The Northern Bavarian verbs are also subject to both vowel change and apophony. The non-finite forms have one three endings: [∅], [n] and [ɐ]. The first...
languages characteristically make frequent use of apophony in the form of ablaut. Berber apophony has been historically analyzed as functioning similarly...
Finnish and Estonian since they involve consonant gradation but also vowel apophony. Inflections in fusional languages tend to fall in two patterns, based...
feminine) to the singular form. The internal plural employs vowel quality or apophony to pluralize words, similar to English man vs. men and goose vs. geese...
changing their stem vowel (e.g., binden became bound, a process called apophony), as in Modern English. With the discontinuation of the Late West Saxon...
a stem remains unmodified during inflection with few exceptions due to apophony (for example in Polish, miast-o ("city") and w mieść-e ("in the city");...
behave in different ways. As part of these templates, the alternation (apophony) between high vowels (e.g. i, u) and a low vowel (a) in verbal forms is...
in a manner more like regular verbs, producing no indivisible clusters. Apophony Arabic grammar Broken plural Indo-European ablaut Khuzdul K-T-B Modern...
with affixation (such as prefix, suffix, infix, circumfix, and transfix), apophony (as Indo-European ablaut), or other modifications. For example, the Latin...
*Dǫsno, *Gǫslicě, *Dǫbrovy, *Ǫglinъ, whereas in the case of PS *ę Lechitic apophony happened and before the hard dental consonants it gave 'ą̊, e.g. Boranta...
undergo a stress shift when the plural is formed. Nouns which undergo apophony. Nouns which take a suffix and undergo a stress shift in the plural form...
differences are never phonemic. This language exhibits vowel ablaut or apophony, the change of internal vowels (similar to English goose/geese): Linguists...
many speech types on Italian soil to [dʒ] in some varieties of Spanish. Apophony Begadkefat Chain shift Consonant mutation Germanic spirant law Grimm's...
Elative (gradation) Triconsonantal roots Nonconcatenative morphology Apophony Ratcliffe, Robert R. (1998). The "Broken" Plural Problem in Arabic and...
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