Sound change converting an alveolar consonant to a rhotic consonant
This article is about the sound change. For the speech errors, see Speech sound disorder § Rhotacism. For other uses, see Rhotic.
Sound change and alternation
Metathesis
Quantitative metathesis
Lenition
Consonant gradation
Consonant voicing and devoicing
Assibilation
Spirantization
L-vocalization
Debuccalization
Fortition
Epenthesis
Prothesis
Paragoge
Unpacking
Vowel breaking
Elision
Apheresis
Syncope
Apocope
Haplology
Cluster reduction
Transphonologization
Compensatory lengthening
Nasalization
Tonogenesis
Floating tone
Assimilation
Fusion
Coarticulation
Palatalization
Velarization
Labialization
Final devoicing
Metaphony (vowel harmony, umlaut)
Consonant harmony
Dissimilation
Sandhi
Liaison, linking R
Consonant mutation
Tone sandhi
Vowel hiatus
Synalepha
Elision
Crasis
Synaeresis and diaeresis
Synizesis
Other types
Apophony
Affrication
Gemination
Clipping
Fronting
Raising
Betacism
Iotacism
Fusion
Merger
Compensatory lengthening
Monophthongization
Rhotacism
Rhinoglottophilia
Sulcalization
Shm-reduplication
Consonant mutation
Vowel shift
Chain shift
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Rhotacism (/ˈroʊtəsɪzəm/ROH-tə-siz-əm)[1] or rhotacization is a sound change that converts one consonant (usually a voiced alveolar consonant: /z/, /d/, /l/, or /n/) to a rhotic consonant in a certain environment. The most common may be of /z/ to /r/.[2] When a dialect or member of a language family resists the change and keeps a /z/ sound, this is sometimes known as zetacism.
The term comes from the Greek letter rho, denoting /r/.
^"American English Dictionary: Definition of rhotacism". Collins. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
Rhotacism (/ˈroʊtəsɪzəm/ ROH-tə-siz-əm) or rhotacization is a sound change that converts one consonant (usually a voiced alveolar consonant: /z/, /d/...
Greek letter λ) is the difficulty in pronouncing lateral consonants. Rhotacism is a difficulty producing rhotic consonants sounds in the respective language's...
dictionary. Rhoticism can refer to: Rhotacism (speech impediment), difficulty in pronouncing the /r/ sound Rhotacism (sound change), the historical sound...
"fine"); Acc. tuta / totam "city, state"; Gen. tutas / totar (the later with rhotacism, on which see below) "of the city" (note that Umbrian continues the PIE...
Fabriano dialect is spoken in Fabriano (closer to Umbria) and nearby towns. Rhotacism of /l/ occurs in this dialect, such that the local equivalents of Italian...
all Germanic languages attested later: lack of Germanic umlaut, lack of rhotacism. The language also preserved many features that were mostly lost in other...
are traditionally used in the classification of the Turkic languages: Rhotacism (or in some views, zetacism), e.g. in the last consonant of the word for...
the letter useless for spelling Latin words. It is also thought due to rhotacism, Z became a trilled R sound, /r/. Whatever the case may be, Appius Claudius'...
dialects of Romanian, and is posited as an intermediate historical step in rhotacism. However, the phonetic variation of the sound is considerable, and it...
preserved up to 350 BC or so, at which point it changed into /r/ (rhotacism). This rhotacism had implications for declension: early classical Latin, honos...
step of debuccalization: Sanskrit janasas, Latin generis (where s > r by rhotacism), Greek *genesos > *genehos > ancient Greek γένεος (/ɡéneos/), Attic γένους...
typical of the aftermath of a conditioned merger is the famous case of rhotacism in Latin (also seen in some Sabellian language spoken in the same area):...
Rhotacization may refer to: R-colored vowels Rhotacism (sound change), conversion of a consonant into an r sound This disambiguation page lists articles...
dialects of Romanian, and is posited as an intermediate historical step in rhotacism. However, the phonetic variation of the sound is considerable, and it...
adds R-coloring to the final of a syllable Rhoticism (disambiguation) Rhotacism Rhoticity in English, English accents that keep /r/ or lose it in some...
phenomena, the loss of palatal nasal [ɲ] in vie < Lat. vinia, and the rhotacism of intervocalic /n/ in words like mărunt < Lat. minutu for example. The...
(totemic animal), and is a reflection of the Chuvash language wăkăr where rhotacism is used, in the Kipchak languages it is ögiz. Saragurs Kutrigurs Utigurs...
last syllable. Gheg n (femën: compare English feminine) changes to r by rhotacism in Tosk (femër). Notes: The contrast between flapped r and trilled rr...
Macedonia, there were approximately 3000 speakers in the early 1980s. Rhotacism: Proto-Albanian *-n- becomes -r- (e.g. rëra "sand") Tosk dialects preserve...
Oscan substratum, as in the pronunciation of the d sound as an r sound (rhotacism) at the beginning of a word or between two vowels: e.g. doje (feminine)...
sometimes fix the problem, but in some cases speech therapy fails to work. Rhotacism (speech impediment), 'lisp' on the letter R Gay male speech Speech sound...
northern representative of the Catholic Stage Guild. Despite his lifelong rhotacism he became well known in British television, especially prominent from...
(unstressed a > e) vs. Gothic gibōs. The development of i-umlaut. The rhotacism of /z/ to /r/, with presumably a rhotic fricative of some kind as an earlier...
Proto-Germanic ē (/ɛː/, also written ǣ) to ā. The development of umlaut. The rhotacism of /z/ to /r/. The development of the demonstrative pronoun ancestral...
island Laas or Laus (meaning "stone" in Greek), from which Ragusa (through rhotacism) was founded, which over time evolved into Dubrovnik. Several Roman inscriptions...