Situational pronunciation of "r" in non-rhotic varieties of English
Sound change and alternation
Metathesis
Quantitative metathesis
Lenition
Consonant gradation
Consonant voicing and devoicing
Assibilation
Spirantization
L-vocalization
Debuccalization
Fortition
Epenthesis
Prothesis
Paragoge
Unpacking
Vowel breaking
Elision
Apheresis
Syncope
Apocope
Haplology
Cluster reduction
Transphonologization
Compensatory lengthening
Nasalization
Tonogenesis
Floating tone
Assimilation
Fusion
Coarticulation
Palatalization
Velarization
Labialization
Final devoicing
Metaphony (vowel harmony, umlaut)
Consonant harmony
Dissimilation
Sandhi
Liaison, linking R
Consonant mutation
Tone sandhi
Vowel hiatus
Synalepha
Elision
Crasis
Synaeresis and diaeresis
Synizesis
Other types
Apophony
Affrication
Gemination
Clipping
Fronting
Raising
Betacism
Iotacism
Fusion
Merger
Compensatory lengthening
Monophthongization
Rhotacism
Rhinoglottophilia
Sulcalization
Shm-reduplication
Consonant mutation
Vowel shift
Chain shift
v
t
e
Linking R and intrusive R are sandhi phenomena[1] where the rhotic consonant is pronounced as sound /r/ between two consecutive vowels with the purpose of avoiding a hiatus, that would otherwise occur in the expressions, such as tuner amp, although in isolation tuner is pronounced the same as tuna/ˈtjuːnə/ (or /ˈtuːnə/). These phenomena occur in many non-rhotic varieties of English, such as those in most of England and Wales, parts of the United States, and all of the Anglophone societies of the southern hemisphere, with the exception of South Africa. In these varieties, the sound /r/ is pronounced only when it is immediately followed by a vowel.
Linking R and intrusive R may also occur between a root morpheme and certain suffixes, such as -ing or -al. For instance, in words such as draw(r)ing, withdraw(r)al, or Kafka(r)esque.
These phenomena first appeared in English sometime after the year 1700.[2]
^Trudgill & Gordon (2006:236)
^Peters (1996:49)
and 24 Related for: Linking and intrusive R information
into freshwater aquifers Intrusive thought, an unwelcome involuntary thought, image, or unpleasant idea LinkingandintrusiveR, in phonetics Intruder (disambiguation)...
An intrusive thought is an unwelcome, involuntary thought, image, or unpleasant idea that may become an obsession, is upsetting or distressing, and can...
r-sound during some vowel sounds, for example 'idea' is pronounced ideear - these two phenomena are called linkingandintrusiveR respectively, and are...
to separate vowels in hiatus, as is the case with linkingandintrusiveR in English. drawing → draw-r-ing A consonant may be placed between consonants...
since the mid-20th century in southeastern New Hampshire. Linkingandintrusiver: The non-rhotic r may be pronounced after all if it is followed by a vowel...
[sh] respectively. Tristan da Cunha English is non-rhotic, with linkingandintrusive [r] sounds. Tristan da Cunha English shares non-standard grammatical...
stops may exhibit some degree of glottal reinforcement. The use of linkingandintrusiveR is rare in Singapore English. For nearly all speakers, some words...
distinction between primary and secondary stress. In dialects of English with linking or intrusiveR (a type of liaison), the r is not realized in pausa...
English (and for related phenomena, linkingandintrusiveR). For vowel changes before /r/, see English-language vowel changes before historic /r/. A uvular...
accent is non-rhotic, in other words the /r/ is only pronounced before a vowel. Much like RP, linkingandintrusiveR is present in Cardiff English, such as...
starting with a close back vowel can use [w] ("go away" [ɡowawei]). Linkingandintrusive /r/ are very rare because of this. Stress is often different from...
Pronunciation. Rhoticity New Zealand English is mostly non-rhotic (with linkingandintrusiveR), except for speakers with the so-called Southland burr, a semi-rhotic...
breaking. Abercraf English is non-rhotic; /r/ is only pronounced before a vowel. Like RP, linkingandintrusiveR is present in the system. On the other hand...
composition. Solidification into rock occurs either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks. Igneous rock may form with...
"better apples," most non-rhotic speakers will preserve the /r/ in that position (the linkingR) since it is followed by a vowel in this case. The rhotic...
J. (1991). "LinkingandIntrusiver in English". UCL Working Papers in Linguistics. 3: 281–301. Kaye, J.; Lowenstamm, J.; Vergnaud, J.-R. (1990). "Constituent...
communication increasingly find both making or receiving phone calls "intrusive", preferring to use media that allow them to "participate in the conversation...
is and nigga is are homophonous as [nɪɡə (ʔ)ɪz] or, in dialects with intrusiver, [nɪɡər ɪz] (heard as nigger is by speakers of rhotic accents). "Definition...
a phaneritic (coarse-grained), mafic intrusive igneous rock formed from the slow cooling of magnesium-rich and iron-rich magma into a holocrystalline...
12930/0271-9517-24.1-2.48. Jeschke, M.; Johnson, K.E.; Williams, J.R. (2001). "A Comparison of Intrusiveand Prescriptive Advising of Psychology Majors at an Urban...
presence or absence of archaeological remains can often be suggested by, non-intrusive remote sensing, such as ground-penetrating radar. Basic information about...
Global Information