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Nasalized
◌̃
IPA Number
424
Encoding
Entity (decimal)
̃
Unicode (hex)
U+0303
Sound change and alternation
Metathesis
Quantitative metathesis
Lenition
Consonant gradation
Consonant voicing and devoicing
Assibilation
Spirantization
L-vocalization
Debuccalization
Fortition
Epenthesis
Prothesis
Paragoge
Unpacking
Vowel breaking
Elision
Apheresis
Syncope
Apocope
Haplology
Cluster reduction
Transphonologization
Compensatory lengthening
Nasalization
Tonogenesis
Floating tone
Assimilation
Fusion
Coarticulation
Palatalization
Velarization
Labialization
Final devoicing
Metaphony (vowel harmony, umlaut)
Consonant harmony
Dissimilation
Sandhi
Liaison, linking R
Consonant mutation
Tone sandhi
Vowel hiatus
Synalepha
Elision
Crasis
Synaeresis and diaeresis
Synizesis
Other types
Apophony
Affrication
Gemination
Clipping
Fronting
Raising
Betacism
Iotacism
Fusion
Merger
Compensatory lengthening
Monophthongization
Rhotacism
Rhinoglottophilia
Sulcalization
Shm-reduplication
Consonant mutation
Vowel shift
Chain shift
v
t
e
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
In phonetics, nasalization (or nasalisation) is the production of a sound while the velum is lowered, so that some air escapes through the nose during the production of the sound by the mouth.[1] Examples of archetypal nasal sounds include [n] and [m].
In the International Phonetic Alphabet, nasalization is indicated by printing a tilde diacritic U+0303◌̃COMBINING TILDE above the symbol for the sound to be nasalized: [ã] is the nasalized equivalent of [a], and [ṽ] is the nasalized equivalent of [v]. A subscript diacritic [ą], called an ogonek or nosinė, is sometimes seen, especially when the vowel bears tone marks that would interfere with the superscript tilde. For example, [ą̄ą́ą̀ą̂ą̌] are more legible in most fonts than [ã̄ã́ã̀ã̂ã̌].
languages exhibit a nasalization of segments adjacent to phonemic or allophonic nasal vowels, such as Apurinã. Contextual nasalization can lead to the addition...
[ɛ̃]. By contrast, oral vowels are produced without nasalization. This precedes [œ̃]. Nasalized vowels are vowels under the influence of neighbouring...
somewhat to assume that nasalization in occlusives is allophonic. There is then a second step in claiming that nasal vowels nasalize oral occlusives, rather...
Word-finally it is realized as nasalization of the preceding vowel: kuāṃ [kʊ̃ãː], "a well". It results in vowel nasalization also medially between a short...
the missing letter; this is the origin of the use of tilde to indicate nasalization (compare the development of the umlaut as an abbreviation of ⟨e⟩.) The...
k b d ɡ s r w j h/, and its vowels are /i ɨ u e a o/, with syllable nasalization and pitch accent occurring as well. The following words show some of...
contrastive aspirated fricatives: /sʰ/ /ɕʰ/, /ʂʰ/, and /xʰ/. Phonemically nasalized fricatives are rare. Umbundu has /ṽ/ and Kwangali and Souletin Basque...
marking the nasalisation of the vowel before it. This nasal vowel lost its nasalization in the Romance languages except in monosyllables, where it became /n/...
scalar, with the mid-central vowels being marginal to any category. Nasalization occurs when air escapes through the nose. Vowels are often nasalised...
: 210 Vowels are lengthened when stressed and in an open syllable. Nasalization extends from nasal consonants to the following vowels, continuing until...
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For...
represents this sound is ⟨h̃⟩, that is, an h with a tilde. The h sound is nasalized in several languages, apparently due to a connection between glottal and...
though at least in the latter case this may in fact be a palatal tap. Nasalized consonants include taps and flaps, although these are rarely phonemic...
or as the result of nasalizing grade, a grammatical ablaut, which indicates intensification through lengthening and nasalization of a vowel (likoth- 'warm'...
quality; there is phonemic nasalization of all vowels; all vowel nasalization is predictable (i.e. allophonic); Nasalized long vowel phonemes (/ɑ̃ː ĩː...
voiceless [mᵖ]) in many dialects of Chinese. (At least in the Chinese case, nasalization, in some dialects, continues in a reduced degree to the vowel, indicating...
grave accent, the tilde, and the cedilla to denote stress, vowel height, nasalization, and other sound changes. The diaeresis was abolished by the last Orthography...
analyses agree that nasalization is contrastive and that it is somewhat restricted. In most varieties, it is clear that nasalization is limited to the right...
Javanese ( ꦀ) and other scripts. It usually means that the previous vowel is nasalized. In Hindi, it is replaced in writing by anusvara when it is written above...
and strong aspiration, [kʰ], [kʰʰ]. Nasalization, as in Palantla Chinantec lightly nasalized /ẽ/ vs heavily nasalized /e͌/, though some care can be needed...
French period: Nasalization of /a/, /e/, /ɔ/ before /n/ or /m/ (originally, in all circumstances, including when a vowel followed). Nasalization occurs before...
In French, a final /n/ sound disappeared, but left its trace in the nasalization of the preceding vowel, as in vin blanc [vɛ̃ blɑ̃], from historical [vin...
/ɑ/, /e/, /ɛ/, /ɛː/, /ə/, /i/, /o/, /ɔ/, /y/, /u/, /œ/, /ø/, plus the nasalized vowels /ɑ̃/, /ɛ̃/, /ɔ̃/ and /œ̃/. In France, the vowels /ɑ/, /ɛː/ and...
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