Surface coated by antimicrobials to inhibit microbial growth
An antimicrobial surface is coated by an antimicrobial agent that inhibits the ability of microorganisms to grow[1] on the surface of a material. Such surfaces are becoming more widely investigated for possible use in various settings including clinics, industry, and even the home. The most common and most important use of antimicrobial coatings has been in the healthcare setting for sterilization of medical devices to prevent hospital associated infections, which have accounted for almost 100,000 deaths in the United States.[2] In addition to medical devices, linens and clothing can provide a suitable environment for many bacteria, fungi, and viruses to grow when in contact with the human body which allows for the transmission of infectious disease.[3]
Antimicrobial surfaces are functionalized in a variety of different processes. A coating may be applied to a surface that has a chemical compound which is toxic to microorganisms. In alternative, it is possible to functionalize a surface by adsorbing a polymer or polypeptide and/or by changing its micro and nanostructure.[4]
An innovation in antimicrobial surfaces is the discovery that copper and its alloys (brasses, bronzes, cupronickel, copper-nickel-zinc, and others) are natural antimicrobial materials that have intrinsic properties to destroy a wide range of microorganisms. An abundance of peer-reviewed antimicrobial efficacy studies have been published regarding copper’s efficacy to destroy E. coli O157:H7, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus, Clostridium difficile, influenza A virus, adenovirus, and fungi.[5]
Apart from the health industry, antimicrobial surfaces have been utilized for their ability to keep surfaces cleaned. Either the physical nature of the surface, or the chemical make up can be manipulated to create an environment which cannot be inhabited by microorganisms for a variety of different reasons. Photocatalytic materials have been used for their ability to kill many microorganisms and therefore can be used for self-cleaning surfaces as well as air cleaning, water purification, and antitumor activity.[6]
^Cite error: The named reference urlDorlands Medical Dictionary:antibacterial was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Antimicrobial Peptides was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference A review on the application of inorganic nano-structured materials in the modification of textiles was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Chen C, Enrico A, Pettersson T, Ek M, Herland A, Niklaus F, et al. (September 2020). "Bactericidal surfaces prepared by femtosecond laser patterning and layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte coating". Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 575: 286–297. Bibcode:2020JCIS..575..286C. doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2020.04.107. PMID 32380320.
^"Copper Touch Surfaces". Archived from the original on 2012-07-23. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
^Cite error: The named reference titania photocatalysis was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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