Doxorubicin as an intercalating agent. Two doxorubicin molecules intercalated within DNA.[1]
Anthracyclines are a class of drugs used in cancer chemotherapy that are extracted from Streptomyces bacterium.[2][3] These compounds are used to treat many cancers, including leukemias, lymphomas, breast, stomach, uterine, ovarian, bladder cancer, and lung cancers. The first anthracycline discovered was daunorubicin (trade name Daunomycin), which is produced naturally by Streptomyces peucetius, a species of Actinomycetota. Clinically the most important anthracyclines are doxorubicin, daunorubicin, epirubicin and idarubicin.[4]
The anthracyclines are among the most effective anticancer treatments ever developed and are effective against more types of cancer than any other class of chemotherapeutic agents.[4][5][6] Their main adverse effect is cardiotoxicity, which considerably limits their usefulness. Use of anthracyclines has also been shown to be significantly associated with cycle 1 severe or febrile neutropenia.[7] Other adverse effects include vomiting.
The drugs act mainly by intercalating with DNA and interfering with DNA metabolism and RNA production. Cytotoxicity is primarily due to inhibition of topoisomerase II after the enzyme induces a break in DNA, preventing religation of the break and leading to cell death. The basic structure of anthracyclines is that of a tetracyclic molecule with an anthraquinone backbone connected to a sugar moiety by a glycosidic linkage. When taken up by a cell the four ring structure intercalates between DNA bases pairs while the sugar sits within the minor groove and interacts with adjacent base pairs.
^Frederick CA, Williams LD, Ughetto G, van der Marel GA, van Boom JH, Rich A, Wang AH (March 1990). "Structural comparison of anticancer drug-DNA complexes: adriamycin and daunomycin". Biochemistry. 29 (10): 2538–49. doi:10.1021/bi00462a016. PMID 2334681.
^Trevor AJ, Katzung BG, Masters SB, Kruidering-Hall M (2010). "Chapter 54: Cancer Chemotherapy: Anthracycline Antibiotics". Pharmacology Examination & Board Review. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.
^Fujiwara A, Hoshino T, Westley J (1985). "Anthracycline Antibiotics". Critical Reviews in Biotechnology. 3 (2): 133–157. doi:10.3109/07388558509150782.
^ abWeiss RB (December 1992). "The anthracyclines: will we ever find a better doxorubicin?". Seminars in Oncology. 19 (6): 670–86. PMID 1462166.
^Minotti G, Menna P, Salvatorelli E, Cairo G, Gianni L (June 2004). "Anthracyclines: molecular advances and pharmacologic developments in antitumor activity and cardiotoxicity". Pharmacological Reviews. 56 (2): 185–229. doi:10.1124/pr.56.2.6. PMID 15169927. S2CID 13138853.
^Peng X, Chen B, Lim CC, Sawyer DB (June 2005). "The cardiotoxicology of anthracycline chemotherapeutics: translating molecular mechanism into preventative medicine". Molecular Interventions. 5 (3): 163–71. doi:10.1124/mi.5.3.6. PMID 15994456.
^Lyman GH, Kuderer NM, Crawford J, Wolff DA, Culakova E, Poniewierski MS, Dale DC (May 2011). "Predicting individual risk of neutropenic complications in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy". Cancer. 117 (9): 1917–27. doi:10.1002/cncr.25691. PMC 3640637. PMID 21509769.
Anthracyclines are a class of drugs used in cancer chemotherapy that are extracted from Streptomyces bacterium. These compounds are used to treat many...
against the cardiotoxic side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs such as anthracyclines, such as daunorubicin or doxorubicin or other chemotherapeutic agents...
in patients treated with ATRA and anthracycline-based therapy. It produces less cardiotoxicity than anthracycline-based treatments and hence may be preferable...
Cardiotoxicity may be caused by chemotherapy (a usual example is the class of anthracyclines) treatment and/or radiotherapy; complications from anorexia nervosa;...
version of the DC Comics character Batman from an alternate Earth. Anthracycline drugs due to their red color and cytotoxic effects, particularly Doxorubicin...
also came from industry during the period of 1970 to 1990, including anthracyclines and epipodophyllotoxins — both of which inhibited the action of topoisomerase...
an anthracycline antibiotic being investigated for the treatment of cancer. Priebe W (1995). "Mechanism of action-governed design of anthracycline antibiotics:...
Epirubicin is an anthracycline drug used for chemotherapy. It can be used in combination with other medications to treat breast cancer in patients who...
red discoloration of the urine for a few days. Doxorubicin is in the anthracycline and antitumor antibiotic family of medications. It works in part by...
Idarubicin /ˌaɪdəˈruːbɪsɪn/ or 4-demethoxydaunorubicin is an anthracycline antileukemic drug. It inserts itself into DNA and prevents DNA unwinding by...
Streptomyces capoamus produces capomycin, ciclamycin O, ciclamycin 4, anthracycline, ciclacidin A, ciclacidin B and ciclamicin. List of Streptomyces species...
bacterium species in the genus Streptomyces. S. peucetius produces the anthracycline antitumor antibiotics daunorubicin and doxorubicin (also known as adriamycin)...
leukemia are usually given induction chemotherapy with cytarabine and an anthracycline such as daunorubicin or idarubicin. This induction chemotherapy regimen...
subgroup is the anthracyclines and the bleomycins; other prominent examples include mitomycin C and actinomycin. Among the anthracyclines, doxorubicin and...
potential benefits for the following health problems: cardiotoxicity of anthracycline chemotherapy in people with breast cancer Parkinson's disease chronic...
Mar–Apr;43(2):242–258. DOI: 10.1021/np50008a003 "Canadian Patents Database CA 1110562: Anthracycline antibiotic designated RUDOLPHOMYCIN". Archived from the original on...
be used in caution in such people, and it should not be used with an anthracycline. It is unknown if pertuzumab interacts with doxorubicin. It is the first-in-class...
people with advanced or metastatic breast cancer as a single agent if an anthracycline- or taxane-containing chemotherapy is not indicated; treatment of people...
VN; Maksimova, TS; Ol'khovatova, OL (June 1978). "[Formation of the anthracycline antibiotics, beromycin and nogalamycin, by a new actinomycete species...
or other regimens; regimens generally including cyclophosphamide, an anthracycline, prednisone, and other chemotherapeutics; and potentially also a stem...
Tetracenomycin C is an antitumor anthracycline-like antibiotic produced by Streptomyces glaucescens GLA.0. The pale-yellow antibiotic is active against...
strength, volume, and location. Use of concomitant chemotherapy, e.g. anthracyclines, is an aggravating risk factor. The occurrence rate of RT induced cardiovascular...
cancer treatment, including the DNA alkylating drugs (cyclophosphamide), anthracyclines (doxorubicin and epirubicin), antimetabolites (fluorouracil, capecitabine...
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