Androstadienone, or androsta-4,16-dien-3-one, is a 16-androstene class endogenous steroid that has been described as having potent pheromone-like activities in humans.[1] The compound is synthesized from androstadienol by 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and can be converted into androstenone (a more potent and odorous pheromone) by 5α-reductase, which can subsequently be converted into 3α-androstenol or 3β-androstenol (also more potent and odorous pheromones) by 3-ketosteroid reductase.[2]
Androstadienone is related to the androgen sex hormones; however, androstadienone does not exhibit any androgenic or anabolic effects. Though it has been reported to significantly affect the mood of heterosexual women and homosexual men, it does not alter behavior overtly,[3][4][5][6] although it may have more subtle effects on attention.[7]
Androstadienone is commonly sold in male fragrances; it is purported to increase sexual attraction. Androstadienone, in picogram quantities, has been shown to have "significant reduction of nervousness, tension and other negative feeling states" in female subjects.[8]
^Wyart C, Webster WW, Chen JH, Wilson SR, McClary A, Khan RM, Sobel N (February 2007). "Smelling a single component of male sweat alters levels of cortisol in women". The Journal of Neuroscience. 27 (6): 1261–1265. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4430-06.2007. PMC 6673596. PMID 17287500.
^Weusten AM (1989). Biochemical pathways in human testicular steroidogenesis(PDF) (Ph.D. thesis). Pressa Trajectina, Universiteit Utrecht.
^Lundström JN, Olsson MJ (December 2005). "Subthreshold amounts of social odorant affect mood, but not behavior, in heterosexual women when tested by a male, but not a female, experimenter". Biological Psychology. 70 (3): 197–204. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2005.01.008. PMID 16242537. S2CID 12401158.
^Gabrielsen P (2 June 2013). "Mens' [sic] Sweat Pheromone, Androstadienone, Influences Cooperation In Other Men". HuffPost. Retrieved March 14, 2016.
^"Human Pheromone Molecules". House of Pheromones. Archived from the original on March 27, 2016. Retrieved March 14, 2016.
^Yuhas D (1 May 2014). "Human Sexual Responses Boosted by Bodily Scents". Scientific American. Retrieved March 14, 2016.
^Hummer TA, McClintock MK (April 2009). "Putative human pheromone androstadienone attunes the mind specifically to emotional information". Hormones and Behavior. 55 (4): 548–559. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2009.01.002. PMID 19470369. S2CID 17022112.
^Grosser BI, Monti-Bloch L, Jennings-White C, Berliner DL (April 2000). "Behavioral and electrophysiological effects of androstadienone, a human pheromone". Psychoneuroendocrinology. 25 (3): 289–299. doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(99)00056-6. PMID 10737699. S2CID 41960611.
Androstadienone, or androsta-4,16-dien-3-one, is a 16-androstene class endogenous steroid that has been described as having potent pheromone-like activities...
3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (androstadienol to androstadienone), 5α-reductase (androstadienone to androstenone), and 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase...
ovulation. Androstadienone seems to affect the limbic system and causes a positive reaction in women, improving mood. Responses to androstadienone depend...
temporary energy boost. Certain pheromones found in armpit sweat, namely androstadienone is shown to improve mood when smelled or licked according to a 2013...
that is found in the sweat of both men and women. Androstadienol and androstadienone are odorless compounds secreted by the apocrine glands, and via conversion...
was interpreted as androstadienone-related activation of the fear system. A potential mechanism of action is, that androstadienone alters the "emotional...
human odorant receptor OR7D4 are more sensitive to androstenone and androstadienone and thus find them unpleasant (individuals with the semi-functional...
effects. It produces anxiolytic-like effects in animals. Androstadienol, androstadienone, and androstenone, all of which are also pheromones, have been found...
and pharmacologically different from natural pheromones including androstadienone, androstenone, androstenol, androsterone, and estratetraenol. Fasedienol...
in primates, including humans. Estratetraenol is synthesized from androstadienone by aromatase likely in the ovaries, and is related to the estrogen...
with a masculine scent. This scent contained higher concentrations of androstadienone. Scent donors were rated on cooperativeness before the sample was taken...
timing of artificial insemination. Androstenone is synthesized from androstadienone by 5α-reductase, and can be converted into 3α-androstenol or 3β-androstenol...
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