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Semiconductor device fabrication
MOSFET scaling (process nodes)
020 µm – 1968
010 µm – 1971
006 µm – 1974
003 µm – 1977
1.5 µm – 1981
001 µm – 1984
800 nm – 1987
600 nm – 1990
350 nm – 1993
250 nm – 1996
180 nm – 1999
130 nm – 2001
090 nm – 2003
065 nm – 2005
045 nm – 2007
032 nm – 2009
028 nm – 2010
022 nm – 2012
014 nm – 2014
010 nm – 2016
007 nm – 2018
005 nm – 2020
003 nm – 2022
Future
002 nm ~ 2024
Half-nodes
Density
CMOS
Device (multi-gate)
Moore's law
Transistor count
Semiconductor
Industry
Nanoelectronics
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Per the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors, the 45 nm process is a MOSFET technology node referring to the average half-pitch of a memory cell manufactured at around the 2007–2008 time frame.
Matsushita and Intel started mass-producing 45 nm chips in late 2007, and AMD started production of 45 nm chips in late 2008, while IBM, Infineon, Samsung, and Chartered Semiconductor have already completed a common 45 nm process platform. At the end of 2008, SMIC was the first China-based semiconductor company to move to 45 nm, having licensed the bulk 45 nm process from IBM. In 2008, TSMC moved on to a 40nm process.
Many critical feature sizes are smaller than the wavelength of light used for lithography (i.e., 193 nm and 248 nm). A variety of techniques, such as larger lenses, are used to make sub-wavelength features. Double patterning has also been introduced to assist in shrinking distances between features, especially if dry lithography is used. It is expected that more layers will be patterned with 193 nm wavelength at the 45 nm node. Moving previously loose layers (such as Metal 4 and Metal 5) from 248 nm to 193 nm wavelength is expected to continue, which will likely further drive costs upward, due to difficulties with 193 nm photoresists.
Per the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors, the 45nmprocess is a MOSFET technology node referring to the average half-pitch of a memory...
The "32 nm" node is the step following the "45nm" process in CMOS (MOSFET) semiconductor device fabrication. "32-nanometre" refers to the average half-pitch...
In semiconductor manufacturing, the "3 nm" process is the next die shrink after the "5 nm" MOSFET (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor) technology...
manufacturing, the "2 nmprocess" is the next MOSFET (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor) die shrink after the "3 nm" process node. The term "2...
In semiconductor manufacturing, the "7 nm" process is a term for the MOSFET technology node following the "10 nm" node, defined by the International Roadmap...
over the previous 130 nmprocess. Eventually, it was succeeded by smaller process nodes, such as the 65 nm, 45nm, and 32 nmprocesses. It was commercialized...
nanometer process" refers to a marketing term for the MOSFET technology node that is the successor to the "22 nm" (or "20 nm") node. The "14 nm" was so...
25 nm on a nominally 65 nmprocess, while the pitch between two lines may be greater than 130 nm. For comparison, cellular ribosomes are about 20 nm end-to-end...
The "28 nm" lithography process is a half-node semiconductor manufacturing process based on a die shrink of the "32 nm" lithography process. It appeared...
clock speeds of 400 MHz (base), 2.2 GHz (boost). Fabrication process: TSMC 5 nm FinFET (6 nm FinFET for the I/O and graphics die). v t e Core Complexes...
Phenom II is a family of AMD's multi-core 45nmprocessors using the AMD K10 microarchitecture, succeeding the original Phenom. Advanced Micro Devices...
mobile APUs There are two generations of K10-based processors for servers: Opteron 65 nm and 45nm. AMD discontinued further development of K10 based...
integer register file. Nehalem released November 17, 2008, built on a 45nmprocess and used in the Core i7, Core i5, Core i3 microprocessors. Incorporates...
features a single-core ARM Cortex-A8 central processing unit (CPU) manufactured on Samsung's 45nm fabrication process using performance enhancements developed...
iPhone 4S is 800 MHz. Like the A4, the A5 process size is 45nm. An updated 32 nm version of the A5 processor was used in the 3rd-generation Apple TV,...
and Pentium Dual-Core E5000 processors, featuring the same 45nmprocess and 6 MB of L2 cache. Unlike most Xeon processors, they only support single-CPU...
32 nmprocess technology, skipping the 45nmprocess. This was necessary for catching up after Itanium's delays left it at 90 nm competing against 65 nm...
technical difficulties of combining a CPU and GPU on the same die at a 45nmprocess, and conflicting views on what the role of the CPU and GPU should be...
products were announced in 2010. QorIQ P Series processors were manufactured on a 45nm fabrication process and was available in the end of 2008 (P1 and...
increase in computational complexity for mask synthesis on moving to the 45nmprocess node spawned a significant venture capital investment in design for...
2012, 45nmprocess, based on e5500 cores: P5010, P5020, P5021, P5040 T series, introduced in 2013, all based on e6500 cores, and 28 nmprocess T1 series:...
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