4 Maccabees,[note 1] also called the Fourth Book of Maccabees and possibly originally known as On the Sovereignty of Reason,[note 2] is a book written in Koine Greek, likely in the 1st or early 2nd century. It is a homily or philosophic discourse praising the supremacy of pious reason over passion. It is a work that combines Hellenistic Judaism with influence from Greek philosophy, particularly the school of Stoicism.
The work is largely an elaboration of the stories of martyrdom in the book 2 Maccabees: that of the woman with seven sons and the scribe Eleazar, who are tortured to death by Seleucid King Antiochus IV Epiphanes in an attempt to make them renounce their adherence to Judaism. What 2 Maccabees covered in one chapter and a half, 4 Maccabees extends to a full 14 chapters of dialogue and philosophical discussion. 4 Maccabees recasts the story as one of reason and logic: the martyrs will be rewarded in the afterlife, so it is rational to continue to obey Jewish law, even at the risk of torture and death.
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4Maccabees, also called the Fourth Book of Maccabees and possibly originally known as On the Sovereignty of Reason, is a book written in Koine Greek...
2 Maccabees, also known as the Second Book of Maccabees, Second Maccabees, and abbreviated as 2 Macc., is a deuterocanonical book which recounts the persecution...
The Books of the Maccabees or the Sefer HaMakabim (the Book of the Maccabees) recount the history of the Maccabees, the leaders of the Jewish rebellion...
1 Maccabees, also known as the First Book of Maccabees, First Maccabees, and abbreviated as 1 Macc., is a deuterocanonical book which details the history...
The Maccabees (/ˈmækəbiːz/), also spelled Machabees (Hebrew: מַכַּבִּים, Makkabbīm or מַקַבִּים, Maqabbīm; Latin: Machabaei or Maccabaei; Ancient Greek:...
3 Maccabees, also called the Third Book of Maccabees, is a book written in Koine Greek, likely in the 1st century BC in either the late Ptolemaic period...
considered canonical in some traditions: 1 and 2 Esdras, Judith, Tobit, 3 and 4Maccabees, the Book of Wisdom, Sirach, and Baruch. Early modern biblical criticism...
under Antiochus IV as described in the prose Greek works 2 Maccabees and 4Maccabees. 6 Maccabees is a conventional title based on the theory that it is an...
additions to Esther, 1 Maccabees, 2 Maccabees, 3 Maccabees, 1 Esdras, i.e. all of the Deuterocanonical books plus 3 Maccabees and 1 Esdras. Some editions...
Verse 13 can be found in 1 Maccabees iii 7; vi. 52; v.; 2 Maccabees vi. 8 sqq., 13, 14; 1 Maccabees vii 41, 42; and 2 Maccabees x v, 8 sqq. Maccabeus was...
included in the Catholic and Orthodox canons) 3 Maccabees (only included in the Orthodox canons) 4Maccabees (Protestant, Catholic, and Eastern Orthodox Churches...
and Bel and the Dragon); the additions to Esther; 1 Maccabees; 2 Maccabees; 3 Maccabees; 4Maccabees; 1 Esdras; Odes (including the Prayer of Manasseh);...
written. It shares an outlook similar to that of other texts such as 4Maccabees, Letter of Aristeas, and the works of Philo, which all came from this...
transliterated as Makabian or Mäqabeyan), also referred to as Ethiopian Maccabees and Ethiopic Maccabees, are three books found only in the Ethiopian Orthodox Old Testament...
The book 2 Maccabees contains 15 chapters. It is a deuterocanonical book originally written in Greek that is part of the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and...
also listed in the Deuterocanonical books in Wisdom of Solomon 8:7 and 4Maccabees 1:18–19, and the Doctors Ambrose, Augustine, and Aquinas expounded their...
phrase "died for our sins" was derived from Isaiah, especially 53:4–11, and 4Maccabees, especially 6:28–29. "Raised on the third day" is derived from Hosea...
surviving part of the Septuagint are 2 Esdras, Tobit, Judith, 1 and 4Maccabees, Wisdom, and Sirach. The books of the New Testament are arranged in this...
of the Hellenistic period who listed the "great sages" of Israel) and 4Maccabees (1st century). In the 1st century the historian Josephus said that the...
Maccabean Revolt (Hebrew: מרד החשמונאים) was a Jewish rebellion led by the Maccabees against the Seleucid Empire and against Hellenistic influence on Jewish...
this date. Jubilees could not have been written very long prior. Jubilees at 4:17-25 records that Enoch "saw in a vision what has happened and what will...
Mercer University Press. ISBN 9780865545243. deSilva, David A. (2003). "4Maccabees". In Dunn, James D. G.; Rogerson, John William (eds.). Eerdmans Commentary...
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