1989 Japanese House of Councillors election information
1989 Japanese House of Councillors election
← 1986
23 July 1989
1992 →
126 of the 252 seats in the House of Councillors 127 seats needed for a majority
First party
Second party
Third party
Leader
Sōsuke Uno
Takako Doi
Koshiro Ishida
Party
Liberal Democratic
Socialist
Kōmeitō
Last election
140 seats, 38.6%
41 seats, 17.2%
24 seats, 13.0%
Seats after
109
66
20
Seat change
31
25
4
Popular vote
15,343,455
19,688,252
6,097,971
Percentage
27.3%
35.1%
10.9%
Swing
11.3%
17.9%
2.1%
Fourth party
Fifth party
Sixth party
Leader
Kenji Miyamoto
–
Eiichi Nagasue
Party
Communist
Democratic Reform
Democratic Socialist
Last election
16 seats, 9.5%
–
12 seats, 6.9%
Seats after
14
12
8
Seat change
2
New
4
Popular vote
3,954,408
–
2,726,419
Percentage
7.0%
–
4.9%
Swing
2.5%
New
2.0%
President of the House of Councillors before election
Yoshihiro Tsuchiya
Liberal Democratic
Elected President of the House of Councillors
Yoshihiro Tsuchiya
Liberal Democratic
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v
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House of Councillors elections were held in Japan on 23 July 1989.
There were several controversial issues dominating the pre-election atmosphere, all of which reflected negatively of the ruling LDP. The most important, according to most polls, was the introduction of an unpopular 3% consumption tax law which had been forced through the Diet by Prime Minister Noboru Takeshita despite boycotts by the opposition parties, an act which hurt the LDP's image with the public. A second issue was the infamous Recruit scandal, which induced the resignation of Takeshita and his cabinet members and left a major stain on the LDP's integrity to the public. There was also resistance to the LDP's gradual adoption of import liberalisation of food products, which lost the party their traditional rural voters resentful of farm imports.[1] Even more, there was incumbent Prime Minister Sōsuke Uno's sex scandal which had come to light only a month earlier.
The result of all of this negative feeling towards the LDP was an unprecedented victory for the Japan Socialist Party (JSP), roughly doubling its share of the popular vote when compared to the previous House of Councillors election, and being the only major pre-existing party to see a net increase in its share of the popular vote; the other opposition parties, which had more success in the past while the JSP stagnated, saw net decreases in both popular votes as well as seat numbers. Moreover, although the Japanese Communist Party has historically contributed to vote splitting by fielding candidates in every district, the overall decline in support for the JCP is thought to have helped jointly-backed opposition candidates in this election. In any event, the JSP would cooperate with the other opposition parties in order to form a majority coalition over a minority LDP, a historical first for the House of Councillors.[2]
Meanwhile, the LDP lost the popular vote in an election for the first time in its history, and the only prefectures in which any LDP candidates were able to win any seats were Toyama, Shiga, and Wakayama. The LDP's losses were strongest in single-member constituencies, but less strongly felt in multi-member constituencies, no doubt partly due to the above-mentioned relative lack of vote splitting in this election. After this election, the LDP designated as its new leader Toshiki Kaifu, who belonged to the same historical faction as Takeo Miki, and who, like Miki, was reform-minded; ironically, Kaifu later defected from the LDP in the mid-1990s in order to join the opposition, although he eventually returned to the LDP in the 21st century.[2]
^Smith, Charles (10 August 1989). "Life after harakiri". Far Eastern Economic Review. p. 15–17.
^ abBaerwald, Hans H. (1989). "Japan's House of Councillors Election: A Mini-Revolution?". Asian Survey. 29 (9): 833–841. doi:10.2307/2644829. ISSN 0004-4687. JSTOR 2644829.
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