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Zingiberales
Temporal range: 80–0 Ma
PreꞒ
Ꞓ
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
Late Cretaceous – Recent
Alpinia purpurata (Zingiberaceae)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
Clade:
Tracheophytes
Clade:
Angiosperms
Clade:
Monocots
Clade:
Commelinids
Order:
Zingiberales Griseb.[1][2]
Type genus
Zingiber
Mill.
Families
List
Cannaceae Juss.
Costaceae Nakai
Heliconiaceae Vines
Lowiaceae Ridl.
Marantaceae R.Br.
Musaceae Juss.
Strelitziaceae Hutch.
Zingiberaceae Martinov
Diversity
99 genera[citation needed]
Synonyms[3][4][5]
Amomales Lindl.
Cannales R.Br. ex Bercht. et J.Presl
Lowiales Takht. ex. Reveal & Doweld
Scitamineae
Zingiberanae Takht. ex Reveal
Zingiberidae Cronquist
Zingiberides
Zingiberiflorae
Floral formula
B X–$ ☿ P3+3A3+3(1-6)G(3)
Bracteate, Zygomorphic-Asymmetric, Bisexual Perianth: 6 tepals in 2 whorls of 3 Stamens: 2 whorls of 3 frequently modified to 1–6 Ovary: Inferior - 3 fused carpels
The Zingiberales are flowering plants forming one of four orders in the commelinids clade of monocots, together with its sister order, Commelinales. The order includes 68 genera and 2,600 species. Zingiberales are a unique though morphologically diverse order that has been widely recognised as such over a long period of time. They are usually large herbaceous plants with rhizomatous root systems and lacking an aerial stem except when flowering. Flowers are usually large and showy, and the stamens are often modified (staminodes) to also form colourful petal-like structures that attract pollinators.
Zingiberales contain eight families that are informally considered as two groups, differing in the number of fertile stamens. A "banana group" of four families appeared first and were named on the basis of large banana-like leaves. Later, a more genetically coherent (monophyletic) "ginger group" appeared, consisting of the remaining four families. The order, which has a fossil record, is thought to have originated in the Early Cretaceous period between 80 and 120 million years ago (Mya), most likely in Australia, and diverged relatively rapidly with the families as they are known today established by the end of the period (66 Mya). Zingiberales are found throughout the tropics (pantropical) with some extension into subtropical and temperate climates. They rely on insects for pollination, together with some birds and small animals.
The order includes many familiar plants, and are used as ornamental plants (Bird of Paradise flower, heliconias, prayer-plants), food crops (bananas, plantains, arrowroot), spices and traditional medicines (ginger, cardamom, turmeric, galangal, fingerroot and myoga).
^Cite error: The named reference Tropicos was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Grisebach was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Johansson was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Stevens 2017, Zingiberales Simpson 2011, p. 47. Bartlett et al 2010. Specht et al 2012. Kubitzki 1998, Zingiberales pp. 2ff. Byng 2014, Zingiberales Heliconia...
Asia, and the Americas, with their greatest diversity in South Asia. "Zingiberales". www.mobot.org. Retrieved 2023-06-18. Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009)...
confirm the Heliconiaceae as distinct and places them in the order Zingiberales, in the commelinid clade of monocots. Species accepted by Kew Botanic...
gingers, is a family of pantropical monocots. It belongs to the order Zingiberales, which contains horticulturally and economically important plants such...
system (2003). The APG II system assigns the Strelitziaceae to the order Zingiberales in the commelinid clade. The Strelitziaceae include three genera, all...
Nong Nooch Tropical Botanical Garden (Thai: สวนนงนุชพัทยา), also called Nongnooch Pattaya Garden, is a 500-acre (2.0 km2) botanical garden and tourist...
(2012). "Phylogenetic Relationships and Evolution in the Strelitziaceae (Zingiberales)". Systematic Botany. 37 (3): 606–619. doi:10.1600/036364412X648562....
family is represented: Family: Vitaceae, List of Zingiberales of South Africa – Order: Zingiberales, Five families are represented: Family: Cannaceae...
composed of three genera with about 91 known species, placed in the order Zingiberales. The family is native to the tropics of Africa and Asia. The plants have...
Liliopsida (=monocotyledons). It consists of: subclass Zingiberidae order Zingiberales order Bromeliales The APG II system does not use formal botanical names...
the family Musaceae. The APG III system assigns Musaceae to the order Zingiberales, part of the commelinid clade of the monocotyledonous flowering plants...
system, 1998), also recognizes this family, and assigns it to the order Zingiberales in the clade commelinids in the monocots. The Marantaceae are considered...
(Arecales), bamboo, reeds and bromeliads (Poales), bananas and ginger (Zingiberales) in the commelinid monocots, as well as both emergent (Poales, Acorales)...
Hydatellales order Typhales subclass Zingiberidae order Bromeliales order Zingiberales subclass Liliidae order Liliales order Orchidales The internal taxonomy...
to a remarkably stable group of flowering plants, now referred to as Zingiberales: at the rank of family in the Bentham & Hooker system (volume of 1883)...
(2012). "Phylogenetic Relationships and Evolution in the Strelitziaceae (Zingiberales)". Systematic Botany. 37 (3): 606–619. doi:10.1600/036364412X648562....
midrib (costa) running the length of the leaf from base to apex. e.g. Zingiberales, such as Bananas etc. Palmate-parallel (multicostate parallel) Several...
110 to 66 million years ago. The order's closest relatives are in the Zingiberales, which includes ginger, bananas, cardamom, and others. According to the...
Paleocene forests include the floating fern Salvinia and various genera of Zingiberales and Araceae. Initially, Titanoboa was thought to have acted much like...
pepper (Piper nigrum). At least 25-30 species belonging to the order Zingiberales grow on Hainan, including numerous types of ginger, galangal, canna,...
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