Zidovudine (ZDV), also known as azidothymidine (AZT), was the first antiretroviral medication used to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS. It is generally recommended for use in combination with other antiretrovirals.[6] It may be used to prevent mother-to-child spread during birth or after a needlestick injury or other potential exposure.[6] It is sold both by itself and together as lamivudine/zidovudine and abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine.[6] It can be used by mouth or by slow injection into a vein.[6]
Common side effects include headaches, fever, and nausea.[6] Serious side effects include liver problems, muscle damage, and high blood lactate levels.[6] It is commonly used in pregnancy and appears to be safe for the fetus.[6] ZDV is of the nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) class.[6] It works by inhibiting the enzyme reverse transcriptase that HIV uses to make DNA and therefore decreases replication of the virus.[6]
Zidovudine was first described in 1964.[7] It was resynthesized from a public-domain formula by Burroughs Wellcome.[8] It was approved in the United States in 1987 and was the first treatment for HIV.[6][9] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[10][11] It is available as a generic medication.[6]
^"FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)". nctr-crs.fda.gov. FDA. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
^"Retrovir 100mg Capsules – Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). December 14, 2018. Retrieved January 23, 2021.
^"Active substance: Zidovudine" (PDF). European Medicines Agency. November 30, 2017.
^"Zidovudine". PubChem Public Chemical Database. NCBI. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved April 10, 2011.
^ abcdefghijk"Zidovudine". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on December 21, 2016. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
^Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 505. ISBN 9783527607495. Archived from the original on September 8, 2017.
^Linda Marsa, 'Toxic Hope', Los Angeles Times, 20 June 1993
^Reeves JD, Derdeyn CA (2007). Entry Inhibitors in HIV Therapy. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 179. ISBN 9783764377830.
^World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
^World Health Organization (2021). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/345533. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.
Zidovudine (ZDV), also known as azidothymidine (AZT), was the first antiretroviral medication used to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS. It is generally recommended...
It is typically used in combination with other antiretrovirals such as zidovudine, dolutegravir, and abacavir. Lamivudine may be included as part of post-exposure...
zanamivir powder". DailyMed. 21 June 2018. Retrieved 21 September 2020. "Zidovudine". PubChem Public Chemical Database. NCBI. Archived from the original on...
Essential Medicines, such as amoxicillin, mercaptopurine, pyrimethamine and zidovudine. In 2012, under prosecution by the United States Department of Justice...
prophylaxis with single-dose nevirapine in addition to zidovudine is more effective than zidovudine alone. These and other trials have led the World Health...
Jealott's Hill, being released onto the market in 1958. AZT/Retrovir (zidovudine) was first manufactured by Wellcome in 1987 in Kent; they also introduced...
abacavir (brand name Ziagen) lamivudine (brand names Epivir and 3TC) zidovudine (brand name Retrovir and AZT) Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors...
reverse-transcriptase inhibitors and include the nucleoside and nucleotide analogues zidovudine (trade name Retrovir), lamivudine (Epivir) and tenofovir (Viread), as...
Compound S may refer to: Cortodoxone Zidovudine, by trade name This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Compound S. If an internal...
ketorolac, naproxen, cephalosporins, quinolones, penicillins, methotrexate, zidovudine, ganciclovir, lorazepam, and acyclovir. In all these interactions, the...
taken when administering aciclovir to patients receiving IV interferon. Zidovudine: Although administered often with aciclovir in HIV patients, neurotoxicity...
liver disease can also cause macrocytosis. Drugs such as methotrexate, zidovudine, and other substances may inhibit DNA replication such as heavy metals...
to antiviral drugs that inhibit the reverse transcriptase enzyme, e.g. zidovudine and lamivudine. An example of the first type is HIV, which is a retrovirus...
without dose adjustments. For example, clarithromycin may lead to decreased zidovudine concentrations. Clarithromycin prevents bacteria from multiplying by acting...
from the original on September 1, 2015. Retrieved January 29, 2023. ... zidovudine was shown in 1990 to slow the clinical progression to AIDS in infected...
free warfarin concentration and prolong bleeding time. Zidovudine: valproate may increase zidovudine serum concentration and lead to toxicity. Although the...
and iron), myelodysplasia, HIV infection, and certain medications (e.g. zidovudine). Erythropoiesis Erythrocyte Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia Orkin...
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