Zayd the Martyr Arabic: زَيْد ٱلشَّهِيْد, romanized: Zayd ash-Shahīd
Ally of the Qur'an Arabic: حَلِيْف ٱلْقُرْأٓن, romanized: Ḥalīf Al-Qurʾān
Personal
Born
80 AH ≈ 698 CE
Medina, Hejaz
Died
2nd Safar 122 AH ≈ 740 CE (aged 42)
Resting place
Kufa, Iraq
Religion
Islam
Spouse
Rayta bint Abd Allah al-Alawiyya
Children
Hasan
Yahya
Husayn Dhu al-Dam'a
Isa Mu'tam al-Ashbal
Muhammad
Parents
Ali ibn al-Husayn Zayn al-Abidin (father)
Jayda al-Sindiyya (mother)
Other names
Abū al-Ḥusayn (Kunya)
Zayd ibn ʿAlī (Arabic: زيد بن علي; 695–740), also spelled Zaid, was the son of Ali ibn al-Husayn Zayn al-Abidin, and great-grandson of Ali ibn Abi Talib. He led an unsuccessful revolt against the Umayyad Caliphate, in which he died.[1] The event gave rise to the Zaydiyya sect of Shia Islam, which holds him as the next Imam after his father Ali ibn al-Husayn Zayn al-Abidin. Zayd ibn Ali is also seen as a major religious figure by many Sunnis and was supported by the prominent Sunni jurist, Abu Hanifa, who issued a fatwa in support of Zayd against the Umayyads.[2]
To Twelver and Isma'ili Shias however, his elder half-brother Muhammad al-Baqir is seen as the next Imam of the Shias. Nevertheless, he is considered an important revolutionary figure by Shias and a martyr (shaheed) by all schools of Islam, Sunnis[2] and Shias.
The calling for revenge for his death, and for the brutal display of his body, contributed to the Abbasid Revolution.[3]
Zayd was a learned religious scholar. Various works are ascribed to him, including Musnad al-Imam Zayd (published by E. Grifinni as Corpus Iuris di Zaid b. ʿAlī, also known as Majmuʿ al-Fiqh), possibly the earliest known work of Islamic law. However, the attribution is disputed; these likely represent early Kufan legal tradition.[4][3]
^Esposito, John L., ed. (2003). "Zayd ibn Ali". The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1998-9120-7.
^ abAhkam al-Quran By Abu Bakr al-Jassas al-Razi, volume 1 page 100, published by Dar Al-Fikr Al-Beirutiyya
^ abMadelung, Wilferd (2012). "Zayd b. ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-9-0041-6121-4.
^Katz, Stanley N., ed. (2009). "Islamic Schools of Sacred Law". Islamic Schools of Sacred Law: Shiʿi Schools: The Zaydi School of Law. The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1953-3651-1.
ZaydibnʿAlī (Arabic: زيد بن علي; 695–740), also spelled Zaid, was the son of Aliibn al-Husayn Zayn al-Abidin, and great-grandson of Aliibn Abi Talib...
emerged in the eighth century following ZaydibnAli‘s unsuccessful rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphate. Zaydism is typically considered to be a branch...
In 740, ZaydibnAli led an unsuccessful rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphate, that had taken over the Rashidun Caliphate since the death of his great-grandfather...
Yahya ibnZayd (Arabic: يحيى بن زيد; 725/6–743) was the eldest son of ZaydibnAli, the founder of the Zaydi movement. He participated in the unsuccessful...
his named Zayd. It has been reported in this tradition: "Hasan ibnAli's offspring continued through two of his sons named Zayd and Hasan. Zayd had a son...
ibn Kilab ibn Murrah (Arabic: قصي بن كلاب بن مرة, Qusayy ibn Kilāb ibn Murrah; ca. 400–480), also spelled Qusayy, Kusayy, Kusai, or Cossai, born Zayd...
Muhammad Zaydibn al-Dathinnah, companion of Muhammad ZaydibnAli (695–740), great-grandson of Ali and fifth Imam according to Zaidi Shi'ism Zaydibn al-Khattab...
Zayd bin Hassan al Muthana) Zaydi Dynasty of Tabaristan (through ZaydibnAli) Barha Dynasty Including the later Nawabs of Samballhera (through Zayd ibn...
861) Islamic theologian, Hadith scholar and Faqih, was the grandson of ZaydibnAli, one of the famous Alids of the early Abbasid Caliphate and one of the...
Zāyd bin Thābit bin al-Ḍaḥḥāk (Arabic: زيد بن ثابت, romanized: Zaydibn Thābit) was the personal scribe of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, serving as the...
Usāma ibnZayd (Arabic: أُسَامَة بن زَيْد) was an early Muslim and companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He was the son of Zaydibn Harithah, Muhammad's...
of Husayn through his only surviving son, Ali Zayn al-Abidin (d. 713), their fourth imam. His son ZaydibnAli was an exception for he led a failed uprising...
Yaḥyā ibn ʿUmar ibn Yaḥyā ibn al-Ḥusayn ibnZaydibnʿAlī Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn ibn al-Ḥusayn ibnʿAlīibn Abī Ṭālib was an Alid Imam. His mother was Umm al-Ḥusayn...
first woman to embrace Islam was Khadijah. Zaydibn Harithah was the first freed slave to embrace Islam. Aliibn Abi Talib was the first child to embrace...
Zaydibn Amr ibn Nufayl (died 605) was a monotheist who lived in Mecca shortly before Islam. He was the son of Amr ibn Nufayl, a member of the Adi clan...
ibn al-Khattab, the second Caliph. She was a poet who is notable for having married Muslim men who died as shaheed. She was the daughter of Zaydibn Amr...
Tabaristan (through Zayd bin Hassan al Muthana) Zaydi Dynasty of Tabarstan (through ZaydibnAli) The Agha Khans (Through Ismail ibn Jafar as cadets of...
themselves from other Shi'is who refused to take up arms with ZaydibnAli. Zaydis believe ZaydibnAli was the rightful successor to the Imamate because he led...
Zaydibn ʿUmar (Arabic: زَيْد ابْنِ عُمَر), was a son of the second caliph Omar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb and his wife Umm Kulthum bint Ali, a granddaughter of the...
Malik ibn Anas (Arabic: مَالِك بْن أَنَس, romanized: Mālik ibn Anas; 711–795 CE) was a Sunni Muslim scholar, jurist, traditionist, and theologian. Born...
al-Sadiq. Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr, Hisham ibn Urwah and Muhammad al-Baqir taught ZaydibnAli, Jafar al-Sadiq, Abu Hanifa, and Malik ibn Anas. Imam...
caliphs, albeit inferior to Ali. According to al-Tabari (and Ibn A'tham), when asked about Abu Bakr and Umar, ZaydibnAli replied: "I have not heard anyone...
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