Persian Isma'ili missionary and founder of the Druze faith
Hamza ibn Ali ibn Ahmad
Born
985
Zozan, Khurasan (Samanid Empire)
Died
1021
Mecca, Sharifate of Mecca (according to one claim)
Cause of death
Decapitation (according to one claim)
Years active
c. 1017–1021
Known for
Founder of the Druze religion
Opponents
Isma'ilis
Sunnis
Hamza ibn Ali ibn Ahmad (Arabic: حمزة بن علي بن أحمد, romanized: Ḥamza ibn ‘Alī ibn Aḥmad; c. 985–c. 1021) was an 11th-century Persian Ismai'li missionary and founding leader of the Druze. He was born in Zozan in Greater Khorasan in Samanid-ruled Persia (modern Khaf, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran), and preached his heterodox strand of Isma'ilism in Cairo during the reign of the Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah. According to Hamza, al-Hakim was God made manifest. Despite opposition from the established Isma'ili clergy, Hamza persisted, apparently being tolerated or even patronized by al-Hakim himself, and set up a parallel hierarchy of missionaries in Egypt and Syria. Following al-Hakim's disappearance—or, most likely, assassination—in February 1021, Hamza and his followers were persecuted by the new regime. Hamza himself announced his retirement in his final epistle to his followers, in which he also promised that al-Hakim would soon return and usher the end times. Hamza disappeared thereafter, although one contemporary source claims that he fled to Mecca, where he was recognized and executed. His disciple Baha al-Din al-Muqtana resumed Hamza's missionary effort in 1027–1042, finalizing the doctrines of the Druze faith.
HamzaibnAliibn Ahmad (Arabic: حمزة بن علي بن أحمد, romanized: Ḥamzaibn ‘Alīibn Aḥmad; c. 985–c. 1021) was an 11th-century Persian Ismai'li missionary...
heretical group created by ad-Darazī, rather than the followers of Hamzaibn 'Alī. As for Western sources, Benjamin of Tudela, the Jewish traveler who...
Epistle number six is dated earliest and was written in July 1017 AD by Hamzaibn-'Aliibn-Ahmad and he is specifically mentioned as the author of thirty more...
he offers forgiveness. Druze believe that HamzaibnAli was a reincarnation of Jesus, and that HamzaibnAli is the true Messiah, who directed the deeds...
fought a duel against Hamzaibn Abd al-Muttalib, Aliibn Abi Talib, and Ubayda ibn al-Harith. In the combat duel, Walid was killed by Ali, Walid's father Utba...
Hind bint Utbah to kill one of the three persons (Muhammad, Aliibn Abi Talib, or Hamzaibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib) so that he might avenge his father's death...
champion, however, received a fatal wound from Utbah ibn Rab'iah. Ali and Hamza hastily dispatched Ut'bah ibn Rab'iah, carrying Ubaida to die in the Muslim lines...
is a monotheistic and Abrahamic religion based on the teachings of Hamzaibn-'Aliibn-Ahmad and the sixth Fatimid caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, and Greek...
Quran 26:176-189 Quran 38:13-15 Quran 50:12-14 Ibn Kathir, Ismail. Qisas Al-Anbiya. p. 220. Abdullah Yusuf Ali: Holy Quran: Text, Translation and Commentary...
is a monotheistic religion based on the teachings of figures like Hamzaibn-'Aliibn-Ahmad and Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah and Greek philosophers such as Plato...
Muḥammad ibnʿAlīibn ʿAbd Allāh (Arabic: محمد بن علي بن عبد الله) or Muḥammad al-Imām (679/80 - 744) was the son of Aliibn Abd Allah ibn al-Abbas and...
monotheistic religion based on the teachings of high Islamic figures like Hamzaibn-'Aliibn-Ahmad and Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, and Greek philosophers such as Plato...
years after the martyrdom of Hamza. Harith was a companion of Aliibn Abi Talib and Hasan ibnAli. He accompanied Hussain ibnAli to Karbala and was martyred...
by Aliibn al-Hassan Shirazi (was one of seven sons of a ruler of Shiraz, Persia, his mother an Abyssinian slave girl. Upon his father's death, Ali was...
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