Namık Kemal (1840–1888, left) and İbrahim Şinasi (1826–1871, right), two of the most prominent members of the Young Ottomans, both of whom published and printed reformist newspapers and other works in support of constitutionality and democracy in the Ottoman Empire. Although both were repeatedly exiled by the Sultan for their efforts, their work culminated in the (albeit short-lived) adoption of the constitution of 1876 and the First Constitutional Era in the Empire.
The Young Ottomans (Turkish: Yeni Osmanlılar[1]) were a secret society established in 1865 by a group of Ottoman intellectuals who were dissatisfied with the Tanzimat reforms in the Ottoman Empire, which they believed did not go far enough.[2] The Young Ottomans sought to transform the Ottoman society by preserving the Empire and modernizing it along the European tradition of adopting a constitutional government.[3] Though the Young Ottomans were frequently in disagreement ideologically, they all agreed that the new constitutional government should continue to be at least somewhat rooted in Islam. To emphasize "the continuing and essential validity of Islam as the basis of Ottoman political culture" they attempted to syncretize an Islamic jurisprudence with liberalism and parliamentary democracy.[4] The Young Ottomans sought for new ways to form a government like the European governments, especially the constitution of the Second French Empire.[5][6] Among the prominent members of this society were writers and publicists such as İbrahim Şinasi, Namık Kemal, Ali Suavi, Ziya Pasha, and Agah Efendi.
In 1876, the Young Ottomans had their defining moment when Sultan Abdul Hamid II reluctantly promulgated the Ottoman constitution of 1876 (Turkish: Kanûn-u Esâsî), the first attempt at a constitution in the Ottoman Empire, ushering in the First Constitutional Era. Although this period was short-lived, with Abdul Hamid II ultimately suspending the constitution and parliament in 1878 in favor of a return to absolute monarchy with himself in power,[7] the influence of the Young Ottomans continued until the collapse of the empire. Several decades later, another group of reform-minded Ottomans, the Young Turks, repeated the Young Ottomans' efforts, leading to the Young Turk Revolution in 1908 and the beginning of the Second Constitutional Era.
^The Turkish name Yeni Osmanlılar literally means "New Ottomans", but the translation "Young Ottomans" is traditional.
^Akgunduz, Ahmet; Ozturk, Said (2011). Ottoman History: Misperceptions and Truths. IUR Press. p. 318. ISBN 9090261087.
^Lapidus, Ira Marvin (2002). A History of Islamic Societies. Cambridge University Press. p. 496. ISBN 0521779332.
^Finkel 2006, p. 475.
^A History of the Modern Middle East. Cleveland and Buntin p.78
^The Genesis of Young Ottoman Thought. Şerif Mardin p.311
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YoungOttomans continued to endure until the collapse of the empire. Several decades later, another group of reform-minded Ottomans, namely the Young...
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by suspending both the constitution and the parliament, purging the YoungOttomans [tr], and curtailing the power of the Sublime Porte. He ruled as an...
strongly influenced Ottomanism. It promoted equality among the millets. The idea of Ottomanism originated amongst the YoungOttomans (founded in 1865) in...
and 1926 in the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey. The foremost faction of the Young Turks, the CUP instigated the 1908 Young Turk Revolution...
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secret society of the YoungOttomans, and liberal minded like Midhat Pasha who is also often considered one of the founders of the Ottoman Parliament. Thanks...
the YoungOttomans continued to endure until the collapse of the empire. Several decades later, another group of reform-minded Ottomans, the Young Turks...
written by members of the YoungOttomans, that began on 23 December 1876 and lasted until 14 February 1878. These YoungOttomans were dissatisfied by the...
major bureaucratic and administrative reform. Under pressure from the YoungOttomans which overthrew his relatives Abdul Aziz and Murad V, Abdul Hamid II...
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the Ottomans' claim to the caliphate. Although the treaty made official the Ottoman Empire's loss of the Crimean Khanate, it acknowledged the Ottoman caliph's...
YoungOttomans, eventually leading him to begin publishing a periodical that lambasted both the republican YoungOttomans and the monarchist Ottoman Sultan's...
Young Perez (Victor Perez), Tunisian world champion flyweight boxer Osman the Young, Ottoman sultan Young, New South Wales, Australia, a town Young County...
monarchy and political reform. These demands were partly inspired by the YoungOttomans, a secret society of intellectuals which had forced Abdul Hamid to enact...
the Ottoman Empire; European observers, as well as secret societies such as the YoungOttomans, stated a need for major reform. The YoungOttomans criticized...
Assembly". The reformist period peaked with the Ottoman constitution of 1876, written by members of the YoungOttomans, which was promulgated on 23 November 1876...
against the Ottoman Empire. The Albanian resistance and war against Ottomans continued for 48 years. The last towns captured by the Ottomans were Shkodër...
the Ottomans), the Ottomans turned the ancient Parthenon into an ammunitions storehouse. A Venetian mortar hit the Parthenon, detonating the Ottoman gunpowder...
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