The word frequency effect is a psychological phenomenon where recognition times are faster for words seen more frequently than for words seen less frequently.[1] Word frequency depends on individual awareness of the tested language.[2] The phenomenon can be extended to different characters of the word in non-alphabetic languages such as Chinese.[3]
A word is considered to be high frequency if the word is commonly used in daily speech, such as the word "the". A word is considered to be low frequency if the word is not commonly used, such as the word "strait".[4] Some languages such as Chinese have multiple levels of daily speech that impact frequency of words. There is frequency at the character level or at the word level.[3] There is also an effect of frequency at the orthographic level.[5] Lower frequency words benefit more from a single repetition than higher frequency words.[6]
^Daniel Smilek; Scott Sinnett; Alan Kingstone. "Cognition". Oxford University Press Canada. Retrieved 7 May 2014.
^Whitford, Veronica (2017). "The effects of word frequency and word predictability during first- and second-language paragraph reading in bilingual older and younger adults". Psychology and Aging. 32 (2): 158–177. doi:10.1037/pag0000151. PMID 28287786. S2CID 25819451.
^ abLi, Meng-Feng; Gao, Xin-Yu; Chou, Tai-Li; Wu, Jei-Tun (2017-02-01). "Neighborhood Frequency Effect in Chinese Word Recognition: Evidence from Naming and Lexical Decision". Journal of Psycholinguistic Research. 46 (1): 227–245. doi:10.1007/s10936-016-9431-5. ISSN 0090-6905. PMID 27119658. S2CID 24411450.
^"Word Frequency Effect". Oxford University Press. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
^Bonin, Patrick; Laroche, Betty; Perret, Cyril (2016). "Locus of word frequency effects in spelling to dictation: Still at the orthographic level!". Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 42 (11): 1814–1820. doi:10.1037/xlm0000278. PMID 27088496.
^Besner, Derek; Risko, Evan F. (2016). "Thinking outside the box when reading aloud: Between (localist) module connection strength as a source of word frequency effects". Psychological Review. 123 (5): 592–599. doi:10.1037/rev0000041. PMID 27657439.
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