Rise of water due to wind blowing over the water surface
Effect of wind setup during Hurricane Katrina in 2005
Wind setup, also known as wind effect or storm effect, refers to the rise in water level in seas or lakes caused by winds pushing the water in a specific direction. As the wind moves across the water's surface, it applies a shear stress to the water, prompting the formation of a wind-driven current. When this current encounters a shoreline, the water level along the shore increases, generating a hydrostatic counterforce in equilibrium with the shear force.[1][2]
During a storm, wind setup is a component of the overall storm surge. For instance, in the Netherlands, the wind setup during a storm surge can elevate water levels by approximately 3 metres above the normal tide. In the case of cyclones, the wind setup can reach up to 5 metres. This can result in a significant rise in water levels, particularly when the water is forced into a shallow, funnel-shaped area.[3]
^Smith, S.D. (1988). "Coefficients for sea surface wind stress, heat flux, and wind profiles as a function of wind speed and temperature". Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 93 (C12): 15467–15472. Bibcode:1988JGR....9315467S. doi:10.1029/JC093iC12p15467. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
^Garvine, R.W. (1985). "A simple model of estuarine subtidal fluctuations forced by local and remote wind stress". Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 90 (C6): 11945–11948. Bibcode:1985JGR....9011945G. doi:10.1029/JC090iC06p11945. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
^Verboom, G.K.; van Dijk, R.P.; deRonde, J.G. (1 November 1987). "Een model van het Europese Kontinentale Plat voor windopzet en waterkwaliteitsberekeningen" [A model of the European Continental Shelf for wind setup and water quality calculations]. Z0096 (in Dutch). Deltares (WL). Retrieved 26 June 2023.
Windsetup, also known as wind effect or storm effect, refers to the rise in water level in seas or lakes caused by winds pushing the water in a specific...
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water one-dimensional Saint-Venant equations shallow water equations WindsetupWind wave model Circulation Atmospheric circulation Baroclinity Boundary...
flooding can occur. Storm surges involve three processes: windsetup barometric setup wave setupWind blowing in an onshore direction (from the sea towards...
FFCEL project will achieve COD by mid December 2012. Fauji Foundation setup two wind projects (50 MW each) at Gharo, Thatta District. The EPC contractors...
intense storms, which often elevate water levels beyond average due to windsetup. These effects may be further intensified when the storm coincides with...
water one-dimensional Saint-Venant equations shallow water equations WindsetupWind wave model Circulation Atmospheric circulation Baroclinity Boundary...
to the right of the wind in the Northern Hemisphere, and 90 degrees to the left of the wind in the Southern Hemisphere. As the wind blows across the surface...
water one-dimensional Saint-Venant equations shallow water equations WindsetupWind wave model Circulation Atmospheric circulation Baroclinity Boundary...
water one-dimensional Saint-Venant equations shallow water equations WindsetupWind wave model Circulation Atmospheric circulation Baroclinity Boundary...
involved in altering tide levels during storms. Wind stresses cause a phenomenon referred to as windsetup, which is the tendency for water levels to increase...
water one-dimensional Saint-Venant equations shallow water equations WindsetupWind wave model Circulation Atmospheric circulation Baroclinity Boundary...
dynamics, a wind wave, or wind-generated water wave, is a surface wave that occurs on the free surface of bodies of water as a result of the wind blowing...
The change in water levels combined due to astronomical tide, windsetup, wave setup, barometric pressure, seiches and global sea level rise are estimated...
inherited topography, synsedimentary tectonics, exposure to currents and trade winds. Two main types of carbonate platforms are distinguished on the base of...
aero screens because they only deflect the wind.[citation needed][dubious – discuss] The twin aeroscreen setup (often called Brooklands) was popular among...
Houtribdijk mitigates the impact of wind fetch under certain wind conditions, which in turn reduces wave formation and windsetup within the basin. Oesterdam:...
water one-dimensional Saint-Venant equations shallow water equations WindsetupWind wave model Circulation Atmospheric circulation Baroclinity Boundary...
travel time difference (to first order in v/c) vanishes. Using different setups Hoek actually obtained a null result, confirming Fresnel's dragging coefficient...
Testing on the earlier Wall of Windsetups led to the design of screens for rooftop air conditioners that reduce wind pressure by up to 58 percent and...
lipping is the use of the lips, facial muscles, tongue, and teeth in playing a wind instrument. This includes shaping the lips to the mouthpiece of a woodwind...
accuracy difficult to achieve using other tools as well as flexibility in setup location. They prove crucial in recording artifact locations, architectural...
involved with the data acquisition. As an example, an inspection of the test setup may reveal that a sensor was loosely mounted and, hence, based on the judgment...
using computer simulations. In 2008, wind speed data in southern Thailand was further calibrated with the setup of more stations in six provinces of southern...
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