Transmission of water waves over a coastal structure
Wave overtopping in Vlissingen during a storm, 1953 or 1954Overtopping on the inner slope of a dike in Northern Germany during a storm, 1954Wave overtopping and wave run-up at a coastal structure[1]
Wave overtopping is the time-averaged amount of water that is discharged (in liters per second) per structure length (in meters) by waves over a structure such as a breakwater, revetment or dike which has a crest height above still water level.
When waves break over a dike, it causes water to flow onto the land behind it. Excessive overtopping is undesirable because it can compromise the integrity of the structure or result in a safety hazard, particularly when the structure is in an area where people, infrastructure or vehicles are present, such as in the case of a dike fronting an esplanade or densely populated area.
Wave overtopping typically transpires during extreme weather events, such as intense storms, which often elevate water levels beyond average due to wind setup. These effects may be further intensified when the storm coincides with a high spring tide.
Excessive overtopping may cause damage to the inner slope of the dike, potentially leading to failure and inundation of the land behind the dike, or create water-related issues on the inside of the dike due to excess water pressure and inadequate drainage. The amount of overtopping depends on factors including the freeboard, wave height, wave period, and slope of the dike.[1]
^ abd'Angremond, K.; van Roode, F.C.; Verhagen, H.J. (2018). Breakwaters and Closure Dams. VSSD. ISBN 978-0-203-40134-7.
drainage. The amount of overtopping depends on factors including the freeboard, wave height, wave period, and slope of the dike. Overtopping can transpire through...
levee to find out the velocity vectors in the overtopping water and the generated scour when the overtopping water impinges the levee. By analyzing the results...
electrical generator) overtopping devices (with low-head hydraulic turbine) The first known patent to extract energy from ocean waves was in 1799, filed...
in 2019, with one of the design conditions being that only limited waveovertopping during the design storm condition be permitted. The design proposed...
water-table, rain percolating into the ground behind the wall and wavesovertopping the wall. The water table can also rise during periods of high water...
Wave Dragon is a floating slack-moored energy converter of the overtopping type, developed by the Danish company Wave Dragon Aps. Wave Dragon is a joint...
sediment transport and morphodynamics wave agitation in harbors, which may result in harbor downtime waveovertopping over seawalls and dikes, which may...
(t)soo-NAH-mee, (t)suu-; from Japanese: 津波, lit. 'harbour wave', pronounced [tsɯnami]) is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large...
Zanuttigh, B. (2016). EurOtop: Manual on waveovertopping of sea defences and related sturctures : an overtopping manual largely based on European research...
breaches were caused by overtopping and subsequent erosion. Reduced protective elevations increased the amount of overtopping, erosion, and subsequent...
of research projects, including studies on waveovertopping, the stability of rubble-mound breakwaters, wave impact forces, and the stability of floating...
material below it against severe wave action; (2) to dissipate the wave energy to reduce the wave run-up, overtopping and reflection. These functions require...
proposed and prototype wave power devices. Raju, V.S., Ravindran. M., Koola, P.M., (1991) "Energy from Sea Waves - The Indian Wave Energy Programme". Proceedings...
saltwater intrusion into the hapua will only occur during a storm via waveovertopping or sea spray. Hapua can act as both a source and sink of sediment....
megatsunami in which 50,000,000 m3 (1.8×109 cu ft) of water overtopped the dam in a wave of 250 m (820 ft), bringing massive flooding and destruction...
buoys, surface attenuators, oscillating water columns, and overtopping devices. The wave energy sector is reaching a significant milestone in the development...
where waves have not built up a natural barrier such as a dune Overtopping of a barrier — the barrier may be natural or human-engineered and overtopping occurs...
various deposits to be identified. These have resulted from overwashing, overtopping, sedimentation across the whole of a seaward dipping beachface or berm...
breakwaters, to establish design criteria that protect the structures from overtopping by extreme run-ups. Since the 1990s, swash hydrodynamics have been more...
present, experiments are in preparation related to stability, erosion due to wave over-topping, sliding due to steady state overflow and internal erosion (piping)...
water. Sometimes levees are said to fail when water overtops the crest of the levee. Levee overtopping can be caused when flood waters simply exceed the...
but caused nearly the entire volume of the reservoir to be displaced and overtop the dam) Poor maintenance, especially of outlet pipes (Lawn Lake Dam, Val...
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