Rise of water associated with a low-pressure weather system
For other uses, see Storm surge (disambiguation).
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A storm surge, storm flood, tidal surge, or storm tide is a coastal flood or tsunami-like phenomenon of rising water commonly associated with low-pressure weather systems, such as cyclones. It is measured as the rise in water level above the normal tidal level, and does not include waves.[1]
The main meteorological factor contributing to a storm surge is high-speed wind pushing water towards the coast over a long fetch.[2] Other factors affecting storm surge severity include the shallowness and orientation of the water body in the storm path, the timing of tides, and the atmospheric pressure drop due to the storm. There is a suggestion that climate change may be increasing the hazard of storm surges.[3]
Some theorize that as extreme weather becomes more intense and sea level rises due to climate change, storm surge is expected to cause more risk to coastal populations.[4] Communities and governments can adapt by building hard infrastructure, like surge barriers, soft infrastructure, like coastal dunes or mangroves, improving coastal construction practices and building social strategies such as early warning, education and evacuation plans.[4]
^"Storm Surge Overview". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Archived from the original on 2011-05-25. Retrieved 2023-11-08.
^Yin, Jianjun, et al. "Response of Storm-Related Extreme Sea Level along the US Atlantic Coast to Combined Weather and Climate Forcing." Journal of Climate 33.9 (2020): 3745–3769.
^Garner, AJ (2017). "Impact of climate change on New York City's coastal flood hazard: Increasing flood heights from the preindustrial to 2300 CE". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 114 (45): 11861–11866. Bibcode:2017PNAS..11411861G. doi:10.1073/pnas.1703568114. PMC 5692530. PMID 29078274.
^ abCollins, M.; Sutherland, M.; Bouwer, L.; Cheong, S.-M.; et al. (2019). "Chapter 6: Extremes, Abrupt Changes and Managing Risks" (PDF). IPCC SROCC 2019 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFIPCC_SROCC2019 (help). pp. 589–655. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-12-20. Retrieved 2021-01-31.
A stormsurge, storm flood, tidal surge, or storm tide is a coastal flood or tsunami-like phenomenon of rising water commonly associated with low-pressure...
from stormsurge. The Army Corps of Engineers built and maintained the canal. Furthermore, according to stormsurge researcher Hassan Mashriqui: Storm surge...
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stormsurge barrier), between the islands Schouwen-Duiveland and Noord-Beveland, is the largest of the Delta Works, a series of dams and stormsurge barriers...
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caused by a heavy stormsurge that struck the Netherlands, north-west Belgium, England and Scotland. Most sea defences facing the surge were overwhelmed...
strong wind, large stormsurges near landfall, and tornadoes. The destruction from a tropical cyclone, such as a hurricane or tropical storm, depends mainly...
damage may be caused by strong winds and rain, high waves (due to winds), stormsurges (due to wind and severe pressure changes), and the potential of spawning...
storm, among other forms of severe weather. Storms have the potential to harm lives and property via stormsurge, heavy rain or snow causing flooding or road...
Wisconsin, with particularly severe damage in New Jersey and New York. Its stormsurge hit New York City on October 29, flooding streets, tunnels and subway...
respectively. Much of the damage was from flooding brought about by a stormsurge of 10–15 ft (3.0–4.6 m). The cities of Fort Myers, Cape Coral, and Naples...
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catastrophes in modern times in the United States. A record-breaking stormsurge and destructive winds decimated coastal communities of Louisiana and...
electricity due to the storm. However, days of strong on-shore wind flow onto the east coast of Florida produced stormsurge that caused severe beach...
Harold generated modest stormsurge as it approached landfall. The highest surge, 2.2 ft (0.67 m), occurred at San Luis Pass. The storm brought 2–4 in (51–102 mm)...
new records for stormsurge heights along the U.S. East Coast, reaching 20.2 ft (6.2 m) near McClellanville, South Carolina. The surge and winds wrought...
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