The approximate immediate impact of the Whakamaru Caldera (red shading) eruptions of about 335,000 years before present. Light white shading shows where 10cm or more tephra detected noting that for example 25cm tephra is found against prevailing wind patterns well to north west of present New Zealand and 10cm south east of Banks Peninsula suggesting multiple significant events contributed. Similarly the light yellow shading does not consider all discontinuities but rather assumes that most discontinuities are due to subsequent erosion rather than landforms of this long ago, which is likely incorrect, but from immediate biosphere impact likely not significantly so. It is possible that ultimately there was worldwide biosphere impact.
Hydrothermal eruptions are contemporary, last volcanic 14,000 years ago (Puketarata)
The Whakamaru Caldera was created in a massive supereruption 335,000 years ago and is approximately 30 by 40 km (19 by 25 mi) in size and is located in the North Island of New Zealand. It now contains active geothermal areas as well as the later Maroa Caldera.
^Froggatt, P. C.; Nelson, C. S.; Carter, L.; Griggs, G.; Black, K. P. (13 February 1986). "An exceptionally large late Quaternary eruption from New Zealand". Nature. 319 (6054): 578–582. Bibcode:1986Natur.319..578F. doi:10.1038/319578a0. S2CID 4332421. Retrieved 2022-05-15.
The WhakamaruCaldera was created in a massive supereruption 335,000 years ago and is approximately 30 by 40 km (19 by 25 mi) in size and is located in...
Volcanic Zone (TVZ) and means the town is located in the historic Whakamarucaldera. The name is a shortened version of Te Whakamarumarutanga o Kahukeke...
pressure and ruptures. This can occur at hotspots (for example, Yellowstone Caldera) or at subduction zones (for example, Toba). Large-volume supervolcanic...
5 mi) in size and is located in the north-east corner of the earlier Whakamarucaldera in the Taupō Volcanic Zone in the North Island of New Zealand. Its...
Orakei Korako is a highly active geothermal area most notable for its series of fault-stepped sinter terraces, located in a valley north of Taupō on the...
Wairakei is a small settlement, and geothermal area 8-kilometres (5 mi) north of Taupō, in the centre of the North Island of New Zealand, on the Waikato...
570 ft) above sea level. It is situated in the area of caldera rim overlap of the WhakamaruCaldera and Taupō Volcano towards the centre of the Taupō Volcanic...
The Maroa Caldera formed in the Northeast corner of the WhakamaruCaldera. The WhakamaruCaldera partially overlaps with the Taupō Caldera on the South...
and to the west the rhyolitic volcanic deposits associated with the Whakamarucaldera complex and the Taupō Volcano by 222,000 years ago defined the western...
Mangakino caldera complex (other names are Mangakino volcanic center, Mangakino Caldera) is the westernmost and one of oldest extinct rhyolitic caldera volcanoes...
the Whakamaru Group of ignimbrite define the south-east and parts of the northern lake shore,: 8 and that massive eruption sequence of the Whakamaru Caldera...
2001). "La Pacana caldera, N. Chile: a re-evaluation of the stratigraphy and volcanology of one of the world's largest resurgent calderas". Journal of Volcanology...
473–489. doi:10.5575/geosoc.2018.0038. The up is covered with Shikotsu caldera formation deposits. "Volcanic activities and eruption sequence of the large-scale...
Caldera complex is to the south with its northern border on the Waikato River so the two caldera borders are adjacent. However, the older Whakamaru Caldera...
of the magma body involved as from a remelt of products from the WhakamaruCaldera eruption of 335,000 years ago. The most recent major Hatepe eruption...
(2014). "Age and eruptive center of the Paeroa subgroup ignimbrites (Whakamaru group) within the Taupo Volcanic Zone of New Zealand". Bulletin. 126 (9–10):...
through Ngauruhoe, Tongariro, Lake Taupō, the Whakamaru, Mangakino, Maroa, Reporoa, and Rotorua calderas, the Okataina Volcanic Complex (including Mount...
eruptions from Macauley Island and the Taupō, Whakamaru, Mangakino, Reporoa, Rotorua, and Haroharo calderas. Two relatively recent eruptions from the Taupō...
from the Hauraki Plains to its current path to the Tasman Sea, while its caldera becomes modern Lake Taupō. 18,000 BP: New Zealand's North and South islands...
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