New England English in Vermont, Connecticut, W. Massachusetts and Hudson Valley, New York
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
Western New England English refers to the varieties of New England English native to Vermont, Connecticut, and the western half of Massachusetts;[1] New York State's Hudson Valley (from Albany to Poughkeepsie) also aligns to this classification.[2][3] Sound patterns historically associated with Western New England English include the features of rhoticity (full pronunciation of all r sounds), the horse–hoarse merger, and the father–bother merger, none of which are features traditionally shared in neighboring Eastern New England English.[4] The status of the cot–caught merger in Western New England is inconsistent, being complete in the north of this dialect region (Vermont), but incomplete or absent in the south (southern Connecticut),[5] with a "cot–caught approximation" in the middle area (primarily, western Massachusetts).[6]
Western New England English is relatively difficult for most American laypersons and even dialectologists to identify by any "distinct" accent when compared to its popularly recognized neighbors (Eastern New England English, New York City English, and Inland Northern U.S. English),[7] meaning that its accents are typically perceived as unmarked "General American" varieties.[8] Linguistic research, however, reveals that Western New England English is not simply one single or uniform dialect.[9] Linguist Charles Boberg proposes that it be most generally divided into a Northwestern New England English (a standalone "Vermont" accent) and a Southwestern New England English (a less advanced subdialect of Inland Northern English);[10] however, even Boberg lists the possibilities of several distinct accent divisions of Western New England.[11]
^Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. 212.
^Dinkin, Aaron (2010). "The Present-Day Dialectological Status of the Hudson Valley".
Talk presented at the International Linguistic Association's 55th annual conference, New Paltz, N.Y. Handout.
^Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. 143.
^Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. 227.
^Boberg (2001), pp. 19–20.
^Boberg (2001), p. 23. "All seven of the Springfield speakers showed a reduction in their perceptual distinction between the [cot–caught] vowels."
^Boberg (2001), pp. 3, 12.
^Van Riper, William R. (2014) [1973]. "General American: An Ambiguity". In Allen, Harold B.; Linn, Michael D. (eds.). Dialect and Language Variation. Elsevier. pp. 128, 130. ISBN 978-1-4832-9476-6.
^Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006), p. 210.
^Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (1997). "Dialects of the United States". A National Map of The Regional Dialects of American English. University of Pennsylvania.
^Boberg (2001), pp. 24–25.
and 27 Related for: Western New England English information
linguistic division of NewEngland is into Eastern versus WesternNewEnglandEnglish, as defined in the 1939 Linguistic Atlas of NewEngland and the 2006 Atlas...
Eastern NewEnglandEnglish, historically known as the Yankee dialect since at least the 19th century, is the traditional regional dialect of Maine, New Hampshire...
WesternNewEngland University is a private university in Springfield, Massachusetts. Academic programs are provided through its College of Arts and Sciences...
claim to rule all of the English, his rule represents the start of the first unbroken line of kings to rule the whole of England, the House of Wessex. Arguments...
Western American English (also known as Western U.S. English) is a variety of American English that largely unites the entire Western United States as...
NewEngland is a region comprising six states in the Northeastern United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont...
Milwaukee, WesternNew York, the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, and most of the U.S. Great Lakes region NewEnglandEnglish Eastern NewEnglandEnglish (including...
see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. The English language spoken and written in England encompasses a diverse range of accents and dialects...
delimiters. English in Southern England (also, rarely, Southern EnglishEnglish; Southern EnglandEnglish; or in the UK, simply, Southern English) is the...
outside England that play within the English system (suitably highlighted). The relative levels of divisions can be compared on the English football...
The English Civil War refers to a series of civil wars and political machinations between Royalists and Parliamentarians in the Kingdom of England from...
by westernNew Englanders—simply inherited WesternNewEnglandEnglish and developed that dialect's vowel shifts further. 20th-century WesternNew England...
settlement of Britain, which historians often regard as the origin of England and of the English people. The Anglo-Saxons, a collection of various Germanic peoples...
Reformation, the Church of England has used the English language in the liturgy. As a broad church, the Church of England contains several doctrinal strands...
in South-West England, 1450–1500. Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Press. ISBN 978-0-77344-714-1. Pearce, Susan (2004). South-Western Britain in the...
The regions of England, formerly known as the government office regions, are the highest tier of sub-national division in England. They were established...
and New Zealand. Since the late 1990s, many English people have migrated to Spain. Due in particular to the economic prosperity of South East England, it...
The counties of England are a type of subdivision of England. Counties have been used as administrative areas in England since Anglo-Saxon times. There...
American English (ANAE) in the greater metropolitan areas of Connecticut, Western Massachusetts, Western and Central New York, Northwestern New Jersey,...
north-western Europe. As a vassal to the King of France, English kings were suitors to the parlement of Paris. In the 13th century, the French and English parliaments...
The culture of England is diverse, and defined by the cultural norms of England and the English people. Owing to England's influential position within...
English sporting bodies, forming the basis of the coat of arms of the Football Association, the logo of the England and Wales Cricket Board, England Hockey...
Western Pennsylvania English, known more narrowly as Pittsburgh English or popularly as Pittsburghese, is a dialect of American English native primarily...
The English people are an ethnic group and nation native to England, who speak the English language, a West Germanic language, and share a common ancestry...
rather than most of the English of England, which has become non-rhotic since the late 1700s. The sound of Western U.S. English, overall, is much more...
Global Information