Global InformationEnglish people information
| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
| United Kingdom: 37.6 million in England and Wales (2011)[1] | |
| Significant English diaspora in | |
| United States | 46.5 million[2] (2020)a |
| Australia | 8.3 million[3] (2021)b |
| Canada | 6.3 million[4] (2016)c |
| South Africa | 40,000–1.6 million[5] (2011)d |
| New Zealand | 210,915[6] (2018)e |
| Chile | 550,000–820,000[7] |
| Argentina | 100,000[8] |
| Languages | |
| English, British Sign | |
| Religion | |
| Christianity, traditionally Anglicanism, but also non-conformists and dissenters (see History of the Church of England), as well as other Protestants; also Roman Catholicism (see Catholic Emancipation); Islam (see Islam in England); Judaism, Irreligion, and other faiths (see Religion in England) | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| |
a English American, b English Australian, c English Canadian, d British diaspora in Africa, e English New Zealander, f Anglo-Indians | |
| Culture of England |
|---|
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| People |
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The English people are an ethnic group and nation native to England, who speak the English language, a West Germanic language, and share a common ancestry, history, and culture.[9] The English identity began with the Anglo-Saxons, when they were known as the Angelcynn, meaning race or tribe of the Angles. Their ethnonym is derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic peoples who migrated to Britain around the 5th century AD.[10]
The English largely descend from two main historical population groups: the West Germanic tribes, including the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes who settled in Southern Britain following the withdrawal of the Romans, and the partially Romanised Celtic Britons who already lived there.[11][12][13][14] Collectively known as the Anglo-Saxons, they founded what was to become the Kingdom of England by the 10th century, in response to the invasion and extensive settlement of Danes and other Norsemen that began in the late 9th century.[15][16] This was followed by the Norman Conquest and limited settlement of Normans in England in the late 11th century and a sizeable number of French Protestants who emigrated between the 16th and 18th centuries.[17][18][19][20][11][21] Some definitions of English people include, while others exclude, people descended from later migration into England.[22]
England is the largest and most populous country of the United Kingdom. The majority of people living in England are British citizens. In the Acts of Union 1707, the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland merged to become the Kingdom of Great Britain.[23] Over the years, English customs and identity have become fairly closely aligned with British customs and identity in general. The demonyms for men and women from England are Englishman[24] and Englishwoman.[25]
- ^ "Ethnicity and National Identity in England and Wales". www.ons.gov.uk. Office for National Statistics. 11 December 2012. Archived from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
The 2011 England and Wales census reports that in England and Wales 32.4 million people associated themselves with an English identity alone and 37.6 million identified themselves with an English identity either on its own or combined with other identities, being 57.7% and 67.1% respectively of the population of England and Wales.
- ^ "English Most Common Race or Ethnicity in 2020 Census". United States census. 10 October 2023. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
- ^ "2021 Australia, Census All persons QuickStats | Australian Bureau of Statistics". www.abs.gov.au.
- ^ "Census Profile, 2016 Census". Statistics Canada. 8 February 2017. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 14 December 2019.
- ^ Census 2011: Census in brief (PDF). Pretoria: Statistics South Africa. 2012. p. 26. ISBN 978-0-621-41388-5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 May 2015. The number of people who described themselves as white in terms of population group and specified their first language as English in South Africa's 2011 Census was 1,603,575. The total white population with a first language specified was 4,461,409 and the total population was 51,770,560.
- ^ "2018 Census population and dwelling counts". Stats NZ. 23 September 2019. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
- ^ "Historia de Chile, Británicos y Anglosajones en Chile durante el siglo XIX". Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 26 April 2009.
- ^ Chavez, Lydia (23 June 1985). "Fare of the country; Teatime: A bit of Britain in Argentina". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 22 December 2007. Retrieved 9 January 2010.
- ^ Cole, Jeffrey (2011). Ethnic Groups of Europe: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-302-6. Archived from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021 – via Google Books.
- ^ "English". Online Etymology Dictionary. Etymonline.com. Archived from the original on 20 April 2012. Retrieved 8 July 2011.
- ^ a b Leslie, Stephen; Winney, Bruce; Hellenthal, Garrett; Davison, Dan; Boumertit, Abdelhamid; Day, Tammy; Hutnik, Katarzyna; Royrvik, Ellen C.; Cunliffe, Barry; Lawson, Daniel J.; Falush, Daniel; Freeman, Colin; Pirinen, Matti; Myers, Simon; Robinson, Mark; Donnelly, Peter; Bodmer, Walter (19 March 2015). "The fine scale genetic structure of the British population". Nature. 519 (7543): 309–314. Bibcode:2015Natur.519..309.. doi:10.1038/nature14230. PMC 4632200. PMID 25788095.
- ^ Schiffels, Stephan; Haak, Wolfgang; Paajanen, Pirita; Llamas, Bastien; Popescu, Elizabeth; Loe, Louise; Clarke, Rachel; Lyons, Alice; Mortimer, Richard; Sayer, Duncan; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Cooper, Alan; Durbin, Richard (19 January 2016). "Iron Age and Anglo-Saxon genomes from East England reveal British migration history". Nature Communications. 7: 10408. Bibcode:2016NatCo...710408S. doi:10.1038/ncomms10408. PMC 4735688. PMID 26783965.
- ^ Martiniano, R., Caffell, A., Holst, M. et al. "Genomic signals of migration and continuity in Britain before the Anglo-Saxons". Nat Commun 7, 10326 (2016). doi:10.1038/ncomms10326 Martiniano, Rui; Caffell, Anwen; Holst, Malin; Hunter-Mann, Kurt; Montgomery, Janet; Müldner, Gundula; McLaughlin, Russell L.; Teasdale, Matthew D.; Van Rheenen, Wouter; Veldink, Jan H.; Van Den Berg, L. H.; Hardiman, Orla; Carroll, Maureen; Roskams, Steve; Oxley, John; Morgan, Colleen; Thomas, Mark G.; Barnes, Ian; McDonnell, Christine; Collins, Matthew J.; Bradley, Daniel G. (19 January 2016). "Genomic signals of migration and continuity in Britain before the Anglo-Saxons". Nature Communications. 7 (1): 10326. Bibcode:2016NatCo...710326M. doi:10.1038/ncomms10326. PMC 4735653. PMID 26783717.
- ^ Michael E. Weale, Deborah A. Weiss, Rolf F. Jager, Neil Bradman, Mark G. Thomas, Y "Chromosome Evidence for Anglo-Saxon Mass Migration", Molecular Biology and Evolution, Volume 19, Issue 7, July 2002, pp. 1008–1021, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004160 Archived 21 February 2022 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Brix, Lise (20 February 2017). "New study reignites debate over Viking settlements in England". sciencenordic.com (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 8 May 2022.
- ^ Kershaw, Jane; Røyrvik, Ellen C. (December 2016). "The 'People of the British Isles' project and Viking settlement in England". Antiquity. 90 (354): 1670–1680. doi:10.15184/aqy.2016.193. ISSN 0003-598X. S2CID 52266574.
- ^ "Huguenots | The History of London". www.thehistoryoflondon.co.uk. 31 August 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
- ^ Campbell. The Anglo-Saxon State. p. 10
- ^ Ward-Perkins, Bryan (2000). "Why did the Anglo-Saxons not become more British?". The English Historical Review. 115 (462): 513–533. doi:10.1093/ehr/115.462.513.
- ^ Hills, C. (2003) Origins of the English Duckworth, London. ISBN 0-7156-3191-8, p. 67
- ^ Higham, Nicholas J., and Martin J. Ryan. The Anglo-Saxon World. Yale University Press, 2013. pp. 7–19
- ^ "Chambers – Search Chambers". Archived from the original on 11 May 2020. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
the citizens or inhabitants of, or people born in, England, considered as a group
- ^ "Act of Union 1707". parliament.uk. Archived from the original on 21 September 2010. Retrieved 26 August 2010.
- ^ Englishman at dictionary.cambridge.org. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
- ^ Englishwoman at dictionary.cambridge.org. Retrieved 13 November 2023.