The water associated fraction (WAF), sometimes termed the water-soluble fraction (W.S.F.), is the solution of low molecular mass hydrocarbons naturally released from petroleum hydrocarbon mixtures in contact with water. Although generally regarded as hydrophobic, many petroleum hydrocarbons are soluble in water to a limited extent. This combination often also contains less soluble, higher molecular mass components, and more soluble products of chemical and biological degradation.[1]
^Harrison G, Lamont N. Simulated Time-based Studies To Evaluate Changes In Crude Oil Composition Through Evaporation And Biodegradation. Wessex Institute of Technology Oil and Hydrocarbon Spill Conference Greece 2002
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The waterassociatedfraction (WAF), sometimes termed the water-soluble fraction (W.S.F.), is the solution of low molecular mass hydrocarbons naturally...
body water (TBW). This water makes up a significant fraction of the human body, both by weight and by volume. Ensuring the right amount of body water is...
from the oil which dissolve in water, and hence are available to bacteria, are those in the waterassociatedfraction of the oil. Methods for cleaning...
increasing during wet ones. A substantial fraction of the water supply for some regions consists of water extracted from water stored in stocks, and when withdrawals...
small fraction present above ground or in the air. Natural sources of fresh water include surface water, under river flow, groundwater and frozen water. Non-natural...
500,000 lb/h) steam flow. However, core-average void fraction is a significantly higher fraction (~40%). These sort of values may be found in each plant's...
irrigation. Its use for irrigation however may be associated with risks. The amount of drinking water required to maintain good health varies, and depends...
five grams of heavy water, which is harmless. When a large fraction of water (> 50%) in higher organisms is replaced by heavy water, the result is cell...
Porosity or void fraction is a measure of the void (i.e. "empty") spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume...
extent to which chemical in the oil will mix with water: this is referred to as the waterassociatedfraction of the oil. The proposed mechanisms of toxicity...
carbon dioxide and methane. Water vapor thus has a scale height a fraction of that of the bulk atmosphere, as the water condenses and exits, primarily...
provide non-potable water for industry, household and municipal uses. This technology consists in separating the urine fraction of sanitary wastewater...
Water content or moisture content is the quantity of water contained in a material, such as soil (called soil moisture), rock, ceramics, crops, or wood...
Mars had abundant water very early in its history, but all large areas of liquid water have since disappeared. A fraction of this water is retained on modern...
damage to surrounding and associated environments. Water pollution also reduces the availability of fresh water. Where available water resources are scarce...
small fraction of its available and recoverable surface water resource. India harnessed 761 cubic kilometres (183 cu mi) (20 percent) of its water resources...
Earth's atmosphere, listed in decreasing order of average global mole fraction, are: water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone. Other greenhouse...
campaign (BTEC) resulted in a huge culling program to reduce water buffalo herds to a fraction of the numbers that were reached in the 1980s. The BTEC was...
by CDC researchers found that water fluoridation prevented an estimated 27% of cavities in adults, about the same fraction as prevented by exposure to any...
pollution, disease and over-harvesting their population is a fraction of historic levels. Water that was once clear for meters is now so turbid and sediment-ridden...
element in composite engineering. Fiber volume ratio, or fiber volume fraction, is the percentage of fiber volume in the entire volume of a fiber-reinforced...
some or all of the year's harvest because of soil or water scarcity. In addition, the risks associated with flooding and soil erosion during high rainfall...
results show an increase in the fraction of children with elevated lead blood levels immediately pre/post the water switch (from 2.2% to 3.7%); invoking...
were receiving artificially-fluoridated water. Only a fraction of Nigerians receive water from waterworks, so water fluoridation affects very few people...
the water. Modern open cooling systems continuously waste a fraction of recirculating water as blowdown to remove dissolved solids at concentrations low...
has planets. fl = the fraction of planets that could support life that actually develop life at some point. fi = the fraction of planets with life that...
the colloidal fraction, which typically contains particles sized between one nanometer and several micrometers. The colloidal fraction of the ocean contains...
maintain an accurate number of cycles over a day, so the clock may be a fraction of a second slow or fast at any time, but will be perfectly accurate over...
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