Schematic diagram of a boiling water reactor (BWR):
Reactor pressure vessel
Nuclear fuel element
Control rods
Recirculation pumps
Control rod drives
Steam
Feedwater
High-pressure turbine
Low-pressure turbine
Generator
Exciter
Condenser
Coolant
Pre-heater
Feedwater pump
Cold-water pump
Concrete enclosure
Connection to electricity grid
A boiling water reactor (BWR) is a type of light water nuclear reactor used for the generation of electrical power. It is the second most common type of electricity-generating nuclear reactor after the pressurized water reactor (PWR), which is also a type of light water nuclear reactor.
The main difference between a BWR and PWR is that in a BWR, the reactor core heats water, which turns to steam and then drives a steam turbine. In a PWR, the reactor core heats water, which does not boil. This hot water then exchanges heat with a lower pressure system, which turns water into steam that drives the turbine.
The BWR was developed by the Argonne National Laboratory and General Electric (GE) in the mid-1950s. The main present manufacturer is GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy, which specializes in the design and construction of this type of reactor.
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