Fiber volume ratio is an important mathematical element in composite engineering. Fiber volume ratio, or fiber volume fraction, is the percentage of fiber volume in the entire volume of a fiber-reinforced composite material.[1] When manufacturing polymer composites, fibers are impregnated with resin. The amount of resin to fiber ratio is calculated by the geometric organization of the fibers, which affects the amount of resin that can enter the composite. The impregnation around the fibers is highly dependent on the orientation of the fibers and the architecture of the fibers. The geometric analysis of the composite can be seen in the cross-section of the composite. Voids are often formed in a composite structure throughout the manufacturing process and must be calculated into the total fiber volume fraction of the composite. The fraction of fiber reinforcement is very important in determining the overall mechanical properties of a composite. A higher fiber volume fraction typically results in better mechanical properties of the composite.[2]
Calculating the volume of fiber ratio in a composite is relatively simple. The volume fiber fraction can be calculated using a combination of weights, densities, elastic moduli, stresses in respective directions, Poisson's ratios, and volumes of the matrix (resin system), fibers, and voids.
[3]
where:
is the fiber volume ratio
and
is the volume of fibers
is the volume of the composite
^Derek Hull. (1981).An Introduction to Composite Materials. Cambridge University Press.
^A. Endruweit, F. Gommer, A.C. Long. Stochastic analysis of fibre volume fraction and permeability in fibre bundles with random filament arrangement, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Volume 49, June 2013, Pages 109-118, ISSN 1359-835X.
^Isaac M Daniel, Ori Ishai. (2006).Engineering Mechanics of Composite Materials. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-532244-6
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