"Vocative" redirects here. For the category of grammatical item, see Vocative expression.
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In grammar, the vocative case (abbreviated VOC) is a grammatical case which is used for a noun that identifies a person (animal, object, etc.) being addressed or occasionally for the noun modifiers (determiners, adjectives, participles, and numerals) of that noun. A vocative expression is an expression of direct address by which the identity of the party spoken to is set forth expressly within a sentence. For example, in the sentence "I don't know, John," John is a vocative expression that indicates the party being addressed, as opposed to the sentence "I don't know John", in which "John" is the direct object of the verb "know".
Historically, the vocative case was an element of the Indo-European case system and existed in Latin, Sanskrit, and Ancient Greek. Many modern Indo-European languages (English, Spanish, etc.) have lost the vocative case, but others retain it, including the Baltic languages, some Celtic languages and most Slavic languages. Some linguists, such as Albert Thumb [de], argue that the vocative form is not a case but a special form of nouns not belonging to any case, as vocative expressions are not related syntactically to other words in sentences.[1] Pronouns usually lack vocative forms.
^Реформатский А. А. Введение в языковедение / Под ред. В. А. Виноградова. — М.: Аспект Пресс. 1998. С. 488. ISBN 5-7567-0202-4 (in Russian)
In grammar, the vocativecase (abbreviated VOC) is a grammatical case which is used for a noun that identifies a person (animal, object, etc.) being addressed...
post-positional morphemes and case endings. The vocative is sometimes given a place in the case system as an eighth case, but vocative forms do not participate...
languages, vocatives are marked morphologically with a particular grammatical case, the vocativecase. English lacks a vocativecase, but sets vocatives off...
objective case (abbr. OBJ) is a nominal case other than the nominative case and, sometimes, the vocative. A noun or pronoun in the oblique case can generally...
Kyrie, a transliteration of Greek Κύριε, vocativecase of Κύριος (Kyrios), is a common name of an important prayer of Christian liturgy, also called the...
same thing. They would both contain five nouns in five different cases: mum – vocative (hey!), dog – nominative (who?), boy – genitive (of whom?), cat...
genitive and vocativecase. In Punjabi, the accusative, genitive, and dative have merged to an oblique case, but the language still retains vocative, locative...
Before a noun, usually capitalized, it indicates direct address (the vocativecase), as in the titles to O Canada or O Captain! My Captain! or in certain...
(syntactic) vocativecase (V) is not morphologically marked anymore in modern Slovak (unlike in modern Czech). Today the (syntactic) vocative is realised...
one of the most frequent words picked up by tourists (often in its vocativecase form, i.e. μαλάκα malaka [maˈlaka]) and travelers to Greece and is not...
grammatical cases: nominative, accusative, dative, genitive, locative, instrumental and vocative; of these, only what used to be nominative and vocativecases survives...
Slovak, the vocativecase is still retained in some common words, like mami — vocative (English mum) vs mama — nominative, oci or tati – vocative, (English...
nominal systems. The nominal case category distinguishes 7 cases for nouns, 6 for pronouns and adjectives (no vocative): Old Church Slavonic has three...
is a Scottish masculine given name. It is the anglicized form of the vocativecase of the Gaelic name Seamus or Sheumais. It is therefore, the equivalent...
list of grammatical cases as they are used by various inflectional languages that have declension. This list will mark the case, when it is used, an...
however, there are still some traces left of the vocativecase in contemporary Macedonian. The vocativecase is formed by adding the endings '–o' or '–e'...
separate form used for addressing a person (vocativecase). In most nouns for women and girls, the vocative is the same as the nominative. Some nouns,...
Enochian appears to have a vocativecase, citing Dee's note in the margin of the First Table of Loagaeth – "Befes the vocativecase of Befafes". Compounds...
case differentiation in nouns. Nevertheless, declensions have been reduced to only three forms (nominative/accusative, genitive/dative, and vocative)...
you translate this into Georgian?", Georgian is in the adverbial case. The vocativecase is used when addressing someone. For example, a mother calls her...
nominative case. Some words, however, kept the vocative form, such as oče (instead of the nominative *otь̀cь) 'father'. Colloquially, vocative endings are...
case (ಸಂಬಂಧವಿಭಕ್ತಿ – saṃbandhavibhakti) locative case (ಅಧಿಕರಣವಿಭಕ್ತಿ – adhikaraṇavibhakti) vocativecase (ಸಂಬೋಧನಾವಿಭಕ್ತಿ – saṃbōdhanāvibhakti) Because the...
Stressed, unstressed is usually reduced to [əj] In colloquial Russian, new vocative has appeared from a pure stem: мам, пап, Маш, Вань etc. In the dialect...
pronouns, etc. As the vocativecase gives the noun a distinct charge of familiarity, directness, and immediateness, nouns in the vocative are rarely used alone...
is used in the Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom, but also has Kyrie (vocativecase) where the Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom has Kyrios (nominative)...
"O, you who have the jewel and the lotus." That manipadme is in the vocativecase is also supported by a 9th-century Tibetan grammatical treatise. Lopez...
months are also capitalised, as are the first-person pronoun "I" and the vocative particle "O". There are a few pairs of words of different meanings whose...
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