This article is about the 7th–13th-century script originating among the Goths of the Iberian Peninsula. For the 4th-century alphabet of the Gothic Bible, see Gothic alphabet.
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Visigothic script
littera mozarabica, littera toletana
Alphabet in Visigothic script
Script type
Alphabetic
Time period
7th century to 13th century
Direction
Left to right
Region
Iberian Peninsula
Languages
Medieval Latin
Related scripts
Parent systems
Latin
Uncial
Visigothic script
Sister systems
Beneventan, Merovingian
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
Visigothic script was a type of medieval script that originated in the Visigothic Kingdom in Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula). Its more limiting alternative designations littera toletana and littera mozarabica associate it with scriptoria specifically in Toledo and with Mozarabic culture more generally, respectively.
The script, which exists in book-hand and cursive versions, was used from approximately the late seventh century until the thirteenth century, mostly in Visigothic Iberia but also somewhat in the Catalan kingdom in current southern France. It was perfected in the 9th–11th centuries and declined afterwards. It developed from uncial script, and shares many features of uncial, especially an uncial form of the letter ⟨g⟩.
Evolution from Visigothic Zet ⟨Ꝣ⟩ to modern ⟨Ç⟩
Other features of the script include an open-top ⟨a⟩ (very similar to the letter ⟨u⟩), similar shapes for the letters ⟨r⟩ and ⟨s⟩, and a long letter ⟨i⟩ resembling the modern letter ⟨l⟩. There are two forms of the letter ⟨d⟩, one with a straight vertical ascender and another with an ascender slanting towards the left. The top stroke of the letter ⟨t⟩, by itself, has a hook curving to the left; ⟨t⟩ also has a number of other forms when used in ligatures, and there are two different ligatures for the two sounds of ⟨ti⟩ (“hard” or unassibilated and "soft" or sibilated) as spoken in Hispano-Latin during this period. The letters ⟨e⟩ and ⟨r⟩ also have many different forms when written in ligature. Of particular interest is the special Visigothic z ⟨ꝣ⟩, which, after adoption into Carolingian handwriting, eventually transformed into the c-cedilla ⟨ç⟩.
Folio 2r of the Chronicle of 754
From the standard script, a capital-letter display script was developed, with long slender forms. There was also a cursive form that was used for charters and non-religious writings, which had northern ("Leonese") and southern ("Mozarabic") forms. The Leonese cursive was used in the Christian north, and the Mozarabic was used by Christians living in the Muslim south. The cursive forms were probably influenced by Roman cursive, brought to Iberia from North Africa.
Visigothic script has many similarities with Beneventan script and Merovingian script.
Visigothicscript was a type of medieval script that originated in the Visigothic Kingdom in Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula). Its more limiting alternative...
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Branches of Visigothic art include their architecture, crafts (especially jewellery), and their script. The only remaining examples of Visigothic architecture...
without serifs or analogous decorations Visigothicscript, a script style used by Visigoths in Iberia Script typeface This disambiguation page lists articles...
The Visigothic Kingdom, Visigothic Spain or Kingdom of the Goths (Latin: Regnum Gothorum) occupied what is now southwestern France and the Iberian Peninsula...
were the semi-cursive minuscule of Italy, the Merovingian script in France, the Visigothicscript in Spain, and the Insular or Anglo-Irish semi-uncial or...
minuscules – a system called unicameral script or unicase. This includes most syllabic and other non-alphabetic scripts. In scripts with a case distinction, lowercase...
monastery of the region (i.e. Merovingian script, Laon script, Luxeuil script, Visigothicscript, Beneventan script), which are mostly cursive and hardly...
The Latin script is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world. It is the standard script of the English language and is often referred...
"Znamenny Chant"). Mozarabic or Hispanic neumes (Spain), also called Visigothicscript. These neumes have not been deciphered, but the Mozarabic liturgy...
salutationis in foro. Codex Vigilanus, from the late 10th century in Visigothicscript, folio 22v, preface of Vigila the scribe (pictured). The first line...
letters, resembling Insular script, with the letters ⟨a⟩ and ⟨t⟩, and ligatures such as ⟨ri⟩, showing similar to Visigothic and Beneventan. Alemannic minuscule...
the 7th century, such as the Visigothicscript in Spain, the Beneventan script in southern Italy, or the Merovingian script in northern France. They also...
and Visigothic, exception made for peculiar ⟨st⟩ ligature where ⟨s⟩ is connected to ⟨t⟩ on top influencing later on the German pre-caroline script and...
conquest of Hispania,. Some consider it one of the best sources for post-Visigothic history and for the story of the Arabian conquest of Hispania and Septimania;...
rito hispânico, Catalan: ritu hispà), and in the past also called the Visigothic Rite, is a liturgical rite of the Latin Church once used generally in...
Italic script, also known as chancery cursive and Italic hand, is a semi-cursive, slightly sloped style of handwriting and calligraphy that was developed...
prevailing script in documents from (and from the land that would eventually become) Portugal from the 8th to the 12th centuries was Visigothicscript; from...
type of script used in each. They are housed in the National Archives of Spain. The Cartularies of Valpuesta are a series of 12th-century Visigothic documents...
Spain half-uncial and cursive would both be transformed into a new script, the Visigothic minuscule, no later than the early 8th century. Beginning in the...
one of the centers of the Mozarabic liturgy, and also preserved the Visigothicscript of ancient Spain. Wealthy patrons endowed the monastery, and Dominic...
Hispanic culture. The Visigothic Kingdom shifted its capital to Toledo and reached a high point during the reign of Leovigild. The Visigothic Kingdom conquered...
script Hispania Citerior Hispania Ulterior Tarraconensis Lusitania Gallaecia Baetica Suevi Gallaecia Vandals in Hispania Alans in Hispania Visigothic...
where the translation was likely also made by a writer working in the Visigothicscript. It was later copied in France, most likely at the monastery of Aniane...
the Arian bishop Ulfilas (Wulfila, 311–382), leader of a community of Visigothic Christians in the Roman province of Moesia (modern-day Serbia, Bulgaria/Romania)...
other. This script evolved into a variety of regional medieval scripts (for example, the Merovingian, Visigothic and Benevantan scripts), to be later...
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