Intersectionality is the interconnection of race, class, and gender. Violence and intersectionality connect during instances of discrimination and/or bias. Kimberlé Crenshaw, a feminist scholar, is widely known for developing the theory of intersectionality in her 1989 essay, "Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics". Crenshaw's analogy of intersectionality to the flow of traffic explains, "Discrimination, like traffic through an intersection, may flow in one direction, and it may flow in another. If an accident happens in an intersection, it can be caused by cars traveling from any number of directions and, sometimes, from all of them. Similarly, if a Black woman is harmed because she is in the intersection, her injury could result from sex discrimination or race discrimination."[1]
Delia D. Aguilar writes that Intersectionality illuminates the “triple jeopardy” sociological barriers of racism, capitalism, and sexism that African American women experience.[2]
Black women have been victims of violence and abuse since 1619 during the time of enslavement. The intersection of gender among enslaved women is an imperative factor of the different treatment they have experienced compared to enslaved males. In the 1960s, during the beginning of second-wave feminism finally addressed the voice of Black women and women of color in contrast to the first wave, where it initially focused on the struggles of white middle class women.
The stereotype as a justification for violence does not help this issue, either, as their bodies are viewed as sexual objects. For instance, their bodies are often objectified in an offensive sexual manner and degraded through song lyrics or television shows. This reinforces the ideology that the violence and abuse of women of color is justified.
“As knowledge of victimization trajectories develops, scholars have underscored the need to adopt an intersectional approach that considers how convergent social categories related to age, gender, race, class, and others shape victimization experiences.”[3]
^Crenshaw, Kimberlé (1989). "Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics". University of Chicago Legal Forum. 1989 (1): 149.
^Waller, Bernadine Y.; Harris, Jalana; Quinn, Camille R. (18 February 2021). "Caught in the Crossroad: An Intersectional Examination of African American Women Intimate Partner Violence Survivors' Help Seeking". Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. 23 (4): 1235–1248. doi:10.1177/1524838021991303. ISSN 1524-8380. PMC 8371068. PMID 33596772.
^Semenza, Daniel C.; Testa, Alexander; Jackson, Dylan B. (April 2022). "Intersectional differences in serious violent victimization trajectories across the life course". Preventive Medicine Reports. 26: 101732. doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101732. PMC 8874332. PMID 35242501.
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