Violence against women information

Murders per 100,000 population committed against women, 2019

Violence against women (VAW), also known as gender-based violence^[1]^[2] and sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV),^[3] is violent acts primarily or exclusively committed by men or boys against women or girls. Such violence is often considered a form of hate crime,^[4] committed against women or girls specifically because they are female, and can take many forms.

VAW has a very long history, though the incidents and intensity of such violence have varied over time and even today vary between societies. Such violence is often seen as a mechanism for the subjugation of women, whether in society in general or in an interpersonal relationship. Such violence may arise from a sense of entitlement, superiority, misogyny or similar attitudes in the perpetrator or his violent nature, especially against women.

The UN Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women states, "violence against women is a manifestation of historically unequal power relations between men and women" and "violence against women is one of the crucial social mechanisms by which women are forced into a subordinate position compared with men."^[5]

Kofi Annan, Secretary-General of the United Nations, declared in a 2006 report posted on the United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) website:

Violence against women and girls is a problem of pandemic proportions. At least one out of every three women around the world has been beaten, coerced into sex, or otherwise abused in her lifetime with the abuser usually someone known to her.^[6]

^ Cite error: The named reference Krantz was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Russo, Nancy Felipe; Pirlott, Angela (November 2006). "Gender-based violence: concepts, methods, and findings". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1087 (Violence and Exploitation Against Women and Girls). Taylor and Francis and Oxfam: 178–205. Bibcode:2006NYASA1087..178R. doi:10.1196/annals.1385.024. PMID 17189506. S2CID 34389352.
^ Sexual and Gender-based Violence (WHO)
^
Citations:
- Angelari, Marguerite (1997). "Hate crime statutes: a promising tool for fighting violence against women". In Maschke, Karen J. (ed.). Pornography, sex work, and hate speech. New York: Taylor and Francis. pp. 405–448. ISBN 9780815325208.
- Gerstenfeld, Phyllis B. (2013). "The hate debate: constitutional and policy problems". In Gerstenfeld, Phyllis B. (ed.). Hate crimes: causes, controls, and controversies. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage. p. 58. ISBN 9781452256627.
- McPhail, Beverly (2003). "Gender-bias hate crimes: a review". In Perry, Barbara (ed.). Hate and bias crime: a reader. New York: Routledge. p. 271. ISBN 9780415944076.
^ "A/RES/48/104 - Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women". United Nations General Assembly. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
^ Moradian, Azad (10 September 2010). "Domestic Violence against Single and Married Women in Iranian Society". Tolerancy.org. The Chicago School of Professional Psychology. Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2015.

[Krantz-1] Cite error: The named reference Krantz was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[2] Russo, Nancy Felipe; Pirlott, Angela (November 2006). "Gender-based violence: concepts, methods, and findings". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1087 (Violence and Exploitation Against Women and Girls). Taylor and Francis and Oxfam: 178–205. Bibcode:2006NYASA1087..178R. doi:10.1196/annals.1385.024. PMID 17189506. S2CID 34389352.

[3] Sexual and Gender-based Violence (WHO)

[4] Citations:
Angelari, Marguerite (1997). "Hate crime statutes: a promising tool for fighting violence against women". In Maschke, Karen J. (ed.). Pornography, sex work, and hate speech. New York: Taylor and Francis. pp. 405–448. ISBN 9780815325208.

Gerstenfeld, Phyllis B. (2013). "The hate debate: constitutional and policy problems". In Gerstenfeld, Phyllis B. (ed.). Hate crimes: causes, controls, and controversies. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage. p. 58. ISBN 9781452256627.

McPhail, Beverly (2003). "Gender-bias hate crimes: a review". In Perry, Barbara (ed.). Hate and bias crime: a reader. New York: Routledge. p. 271. ISBN 9780415944076.

[5] Angelari, Marguerite (1997). "Hate crime statutes: a promising tool for fighting violence against women". In Maschke, Karen J. (ed.). Pornography, sex work, and hate speech. New York: Taylor and Francis. pp. 405–448. ISBN 9780815325208.

[6] Gerstenfeld, Phyllis B. (2013). "The hate debate: constitutional and policy problems". In Gerstenfeld, Phyllis B. (ed.). Hate crimes: causes, controls, and controversies. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage. p. 58. ISBN 9781452256627.

[7] McPhail, Beverly (2003). "Gender-bias hate crimes: a review". In Perry, Barbara (ed.). Hate and bias crime: a reader. New York: Routledge. p. 271. ISBN 9780415944076.

[5] "A/RES/48/104 - Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women". United Nations General Assembly. Retrieved 6 August 2014.

[Moradian-6] Moradian, Azad (10 September 2010). "Domestic Violence against Single and Married Women in Iranian Society". Tolerancy.org. The Chicago School of Professional Psychology. Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2015.

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