Region of space in the modeled world that may appear on the screen
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A view frustumThe appearance of an object in a pyramid of visionWhen creating a parallel projection, the viewing frustum is shaped like a box as opposed to a pyramid.
In 3D computer graphics, a viewing frustum[1] or view frustum[2] is the region of space in the modeled world that may appear on the screen; it is the field of view of a perspective virtual camera system.[2]
The view frustum is typically obtained by taking a geometrical frustum—that is a truncation with parallel planes—of the pyramid of vision, which is the adaptation of (idealized) cone of vision that a camera or eye would have to the rectangular viewports typically used in computer graphics.[3][4] Some authors use pyramid of vision as a synonym for view frustum itself, i.e. consider it truncated.[5]
The exact shape of this region varies depending on what kind of camera lens is being simulated, but typically it is a frustum of a rectangular pyramid (hence the name). The planes that cut the frustum perpendicular to the viewing direction are called the near plane and the far plane. Objects closer to the camera than the near plane or beyond the far plane are not drawn. Sometimes, the far plane is placed infinitely far away from the camera so all objects within the frustum are drawn regardless of their distance from the camera.
Viewing-frustum culling is the process of removing from the rendering process those objects that lie completely outside the viewing frustum.[6] Rendering these objects would be a waste of resources since they are not directly visible. To make culling fast, it is usually done using bounding volumes surrounding the objects rather than the objects themselves.
^Kelvin Sung; Peter Shirley; Steven Baer (6 November 2008). Essentials of Interactive Computer Graphics: Concepts and Implementation. CRC Press. p. 390. ISBN 978-1-56881-257-1.
^ ab"What Is a View Frustum?". Microsoft. 15 August 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
^Ranjan Parekh (2013). Principles of Multimedia (2nd ed.). Tata McGraw-Hill Education. p. 413. ISBN 978-1-259-00650-0.
^Karen Goulekas (2001). Visual Effects in A Digital World: A Comprehensive Glossary of over 7000 Visual Effects Terms. Morgan Kaufmann. p. 409. ISBN 978-0-08-052071-1.
^Isaac V. Kerlow (2004). The Art of 3D: Computer Animation and Effects. John Wiley & Sons. p. 185. ISBN 978-0-471-43036-0.
^"View Frustum Culling". lighthouse3d.com. 15 April 2011. Retrieved 11 June 2014.
graphics, a viewingfrustum or viewfrustum is the region of space in the modeled world that may appear on the screen; it is the field of view of a perspective...
In geometry, a frustum (Latin for 'morsel'); (pl.: frusta or frustums) is the portion of a solid (normally a pyramid or a cone) that lies between two parallel...
lack of control. Viewingfrustum Field of view Aspect ratio 4:3 16:9 aspect ratio 16:10 aspect ratio 21:9 aspect ratio Angle of view Master Games List...
form of axonometric projection in engineering drawing, the direction of viewing is such that the three axes of space appear equally foreshortened, and...
forms of graphical projection). An isometric view of an object can be obtained by choosing the viewing direction such that the angles between the projections...
Tesseract Texture mapping Transform, clipping, and lighting Video card Viewingfrustum Virtual globe Treibergs, Andrejs. "The Geometry of Perspective Drawing...
cavalier perspective, one face of the projected object is parallel to the viewing plane, and the third axis is projected as going off at an angle (typically...
to the angle of viewing; the scale of the third direction is determined separately. In trimetric projection, the direction of viewing is such that all...
plans are orthographic projections, but they are not sections as their viewing plane is outside of the object. A plan is a common method of depicting...
in many rendering algorithms, they are used for viewingfrustum tests. If the ray or viewingfrustum does not intersect the bounding volume, it cannot...
projection (viewing) in order to obtain the desired view. See Figure 1. Using the rotation technique above, note that no orthographic view is available...
corresponds to the oculus, or "eye point", from which the image should be viewed for correct perspective geometry. Traditional linear drawings use objects...
plane located between the "eye point" (or oculus) and the object being viewed and is usually coextensive to the material surface of the work. It is ordinarily...
scanline algorithms to eliminate the polygons out of the camera's viewingfrustum, limiting the number of polygons processed by the pipeline. There is...
calculations in texture space once when polygons initially appear within the viewingfrustum (effectively creating temporary 'lit' versions of the currently visible...
zero to extend a point to infinity. This should be accompanied by a viewingfrustum that has a far clipping plane that extends to infinity in order to...
rendering the scene six times from a viewpoint, with the views defined by a 90 degree viewfrustum representing each cube face. Or if the environment is...
pixels). Frustum culling A stage in a rendering pipeline, filtering out 3D models whose bounding volumes fail an intersection test with the viewfrustum, allowing...
for oblique viewing by motorists Mirror anamorphosis on the lower front of an ambulance, so the writing appears right way round in rear view mirrors of...
views of the cube would be considered normal projections. In an oblique projection, the parallel projection rays are not perpendicular to the viewing...
panel whether to view the house they are building with no walls, cutaway walls, or full walls. The cutaway view and the exploded view were minor graphic...
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