Means of projecting three-dimensional objects in two dimensions
For the orthographic projection as a map projection, see Orthographic map projection. For mathematical discussion in terms of linear algebra, see Projection (linear algebra).
Part of a series on
Graphical projection
Planar
Parallel projection
Orthographic projection
Isometric projection
Oblique projection
Perspective projection
Curvilinear perspective
Reverse perspective
Views
Bird's-eye view
Cross section
Cutaway drawing
Exploded view drawing
Fisheye lens
Multiviews
Panorama
Worm's-eye view
Zoom lens
Topics
3D projection
Anamorphosis
Axonometry
Computer graphics
Computer-aided design
Descriptive geometry
Engineering drawing
Map projection
Picture plane
Plans (drawings)
Projection (linear algebra)
Projection plane
Projective geometry
Stereoscopy
Technical drawing
True length
Vanishing point
Video game graphics
Viewing frustum
v
t
e
Orthographic projection (also orthogonal projection and analemma)[a] is a means of representing three-dimensional objects in two dimensions. Orthographic projection is a form of parallel projection in which all the projection lines are orthogonal to the projection plane,[2] resulting in every plane of the scene appearing in affine transformation on the viewing surface. The obverse of an orthographic projection is an oblique projection, which is a parallel projection in which the projection lines are not orthogonal to the projection plane.
The term orthographic sometimes means a technique in multiview projection in which principal axes or the planes of the subject are also parallel with the projection plane to create the primary views.[2] If the principal planes or axes of an object in an orthographic projection are not parallel with the projection plane, the depiction is called axonometric or an auxiliary views. (Axonometric projection is synonymous with parallel projection.) Sub-types of primary views include plans, elevations, and sections; sub-types of auxiliary views include isometric, dimetric, and trimetric projections.
A lens that provides an orthographic projection is an object-space telecentric lens.
^Sawyer, F., Of Analemmas, Mean Time and the Analemmatic Sundial
^ abMaynard, Patric (2005). Drawing Distinctions: The Varieties of Graphic Expression. Cornell University Press. p. 22. ISBN 0-8014-7280-6.
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
and 27 Related for: Orthographic projection information
dimensions. Orthographicprojection is a form of parallel projection in which all the projection lines are orthogonal to the projection plane, resulting...
computer graphics, a multiview projection is a technique of illustration by which a standardized series of orthographic two-dimensional pictures are constructed...
Orthographicprojection in cartography has been used since antiquity. Like the stereographic projection and gnomonic projection, orthographic projection...
Axonometric projection is a type of orthographicprojection used for creating a pictorial drawing of an object, where the object is rotated around one...
oblique projections the parallel projection rays are not perpendicular to the viewing plane as with orthographicprojection, but strike the projection plane...
source object with the drawing surface (projection plane). In both oblique projection and orthographicprojection, parallel lines of the source object produce...
of sight or projection lines, are parallel to each other. It is a basic tool in descriptive geometry. The projection is called orthographic if the rays...
the horizontal (here x) axis by α. This is then followed by an orthographicprojection to the xy-plane: [ b x b y 0 ] = [ 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 ] [ c x c...
The Mercator projection (/mərˈkeɪtər/) is a conformal cylindrical map projection presented by Flemish geographer and cartographer Gerardus Mercator in...
or shown dashed. Plan view or planform is defined as a vertical orthographicprojection of an object on a horizontal plane, like a map. The term may be...
select the projections of the axes and foreshortenings carefully (see below). In order to produce an orthographicprojection, only the projections of the...
to antiquity. Like the orthographicprojection and gnomonic projection, the stereographic projection is an azimuthal projection, and when on a sphere,...
cylindrical. This projection has many named specializations differing only in the scaling constant, such as the Gall–Peters or Gall orthographic (undistorted...
Vinci. Modern engineering drawing, with its precise conventions of orthographicprojection and scale, arose in France at a time when the Industrial Revolution...
envelope under vertex-first projection. The two remaining cells project onto the prism bases. The vertex-first parallel projection of the tesseract into three-dimensional...
projection plane. For example, in a top view of a pyramid, which is an orthographicprojection, the base edges (which are parallel to the projection plane)...
_{u,v}} on the projection plane. These transformations consist of various compositions of the five transformations: orthographicprojection, rotation, shear...
in the drawing when producing first and third angle orthographicprojections, auxiliary projections and cross-section views. A 2D CAD system is merely...
two square cupola and a central octagonal prism. The cube-first orthographicprojection of the runcinated tesseract into 3-dimensional space has a (small)...
stereographic projection is a perspective projection of the sphere, through a specific point on the sphere (the pole or center of projection), onto a plane...
related to the stereographic projection, gnomonic projection, and orthographicprojection. These are all true perspective projections, meaning that they result...
model Orthographicprojection onto a plane z = C {\displaystyle z=C} projects corresponding points on the Beltrami–Klein model. Central projection from...
Global Information