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A gluon (/ˈɡluːɒn/GLOO-on) is a type of massless elementary particle that mediates the strong interaction between quarks, acting as the exchange particle for the interaction. Gluons are massless vector bosons, thereby having a spin of 1.[7] Through the strong interaction, gluons bind quarks into groups according to quantum chromodynamics (QCD), forming hadrons such as protons and neutrons.
Gluons carry the color charge of the strong interaction, thereby participating in the strong interaction as well as mediating it. Because gluons carry the color charge, QCD is more difficult to analyze compared to quantum electrodynamics (QED) where the photon carries no electric charge.
The term was coined by Murray Gell-Mann in 1962[a] for being similar to an adhesive or glue that keeps the nucleus together.[9] Together with the quarks, these particles were referred together as partons by Richard Feynman.[10]
^
M. Gell-Mann (1962). "Symmetries of Baryons and Mesons" (PDF). Physical Review. 125 (3): 1067–1084. Bibcode:1962PhRv..125.1067G. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.125.1067. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-10-21.. This is without reference to color, however. For the modern usage see Fritzsch, H.; Gell-Mann, M.; Leutwyler, H. (Nov 1973). "Advantages of the color octet gluon picture". Physics Letters B. 47 (4): 365–368. Bibcode:1973PhLB...47..365F. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.453.4712. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(73)90625-4.
^
B.R. Stella and H.-J. Meyer (2011). "Υ(9.46 GeV) and the gluon discovery (a critical recollection of PLUTO results)". European Physical Journal H. 36 (2): 203–243. arXiv:1008.1869v3. Bibcode:2011EPJH...36..203S. doi:10.1140/epjh/e2011-10029-3. S2CID 119246507.
^
P. Söding (2010). "On the discovery of the gluon". European Physical Journal H. 35 (1): 3–28. Bibcode:2010EPJH...35....3S. doi:10.1140/epjh/e2010-00002-5. S2CID 8289475.
^"Why are there eight gluons?".
^ abc
W.-M. Yao; et al. (Particle Data Group) (2006). "Review of Particle Physics". Journal of Physics G. 33 (1): 1. arXiv:astro-ph/0601168. Bibcode:2006JPhG...33....1Y. doi:10.1088/0954-3899/33/1/001.
^
F. Yndurain (1995). "Limits on the mass of the gluon". Physics Letters B. 345 (4): 524. Bibcode:1995PhLB..345..524Y. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(94)01677-5.
^Garisto, Daniel (2017-05-30). "A brief etymology of particle physics | symmetry magazine". Symmetry Magazine. Retrieved 2024-02-02.
^Feltesse, Joël (2010). "Introduction to Parton Distribution Functions". Scholarpedia. 5 (11): 10160. Bibcode:2010SchpJ...510160F. doi:10.4249/scholarpedia.10160. ISSN 1941-6016.
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A gluon (/ˈɡluːɒn/ GLOO-on) is a type of massless elementary particle that mediates the strong interaction between quarks, acting as the exchange particle...
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Color charge is a property of quarks and gluons that is related to the particles' strong interactions in the theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Like...
include baryons (such as protons and neutrons) and mesons, or in quark–gluon plasmas. For this reason, much of what is known about quarks has been drawn...
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and macOS, as well as mobile devices running iOS and Android, through Gluon Mobile. With the release of JDK 11 in 2018, Oracle made JavaFX part of the...
describe quark interactions. Quarks are always confined in an envelope of gluons that confer vastly greater mass to the mesons and baryons where quarks occur...
could be a sea quark) to produce a gluon, after which the gluon together with the remaining quarks, antiquarks, and gluons will undergo a complex process...
matter whose degrees of freedom include quarks and gluons, of which the prominent example is quark-gluon plasma. Several series of conferences in 2019, 2020...
there are eight distinct gluons, with each being denoted through a color-anticolor charge combination (e.g. red–antigreen). As gluons have an effective color...
provided experimental evidence for the existence of the charm quark, and the gluon, the vector boson of the strong force in the Standard Model of physics....
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Exotic hadrons are subatomic particles composed of quarks and gluons, but which – unlike "well-known" hadrons such as protons, neutrons and mesons – consist...
interactions, using mediating gauge bosons. The species of gauge bosons are eight gluons, W− , W+ and Z bosons, and the photon. The Standard Model also contains...
strong force, mediated by gluons.: 21–22 A modern perspective has a proton composed of the valence quarks (up, up, down), the gluons, and transitory pairs...
from quark–gluon plasma? Is quark flavor conserved in quark–gluon plasma? Are strangeness and charm in chemical equilibrium in quark–gluon plasma? Does...
known gauge bosons that are both believed to be massless; the other is the gluon (carrier of the strong force). The only other confirmed gauge bosons are...
the formation of hadrons out of quarks and gluons. There are two main branches of hadronization: quark-gluon plasma (QGP) transformation and colour string...
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