Sonohysterography performed because of postmenopausal bleeding. In serial images, polyps would be more immobile than freely moving debris within the uterine cavity which are seen in the image.
Specialty
Gynecology
Vaginal bleeding is any expulsion of blood from the vagina. This bleeding may originate from the uterus, vaginal wall, or cervix.[1] Generally, it is either part of a normal menstrual cycle or is caused by hormonal or other problems of the reproductive system, such as abnormal uterine bleeding.
Regular monthly vaginal bleeding during the reproductive years, menstruation, is a normal physiologic process. During the reproductive years, bleeding that is excessively heavy (menorrhagia or heavy menstrual bleeding), occurs between monthly menstrual periods (intermenstrual bleeding), occurs more frequently than every 21 days (abnormal uterine bleeding), occurs too infrequently (oligomenorrhea), or occurs after vaginal intercourse (postcoital bleeding) should be evaluated.[2][3]
The causes of abnormal vaginal bleeding vary by age,[4] and such bleeding can be a sign of specific medical conditions ranging from hormone imbalances or anovulation to malignancy (cervical cancer, vaginal cancer or uterine cancer).[2] In young children, or elderly adults with cognitive impairment, the source of bleeding may not be obvious, and may be from the urinary tract (hematuria) or the rectum rather than the vagina, although most adult women can identify the site of bleeding.[5] When vaginal bleeding occurs in prepubertal children or in postmenopausal women, it always needs medical attention.[6][7][5]
Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy can be normal, especially in early pregnancy.[8] However, bleeding may also indicate a pregnancy complication that needs to be medically addressed.[8] During pregnancy bleeding is usually, but not always, related to the pregnancy itself.
The treatment of vaginal bleeding is dependent on the specific cause, which can often be determined through a thorough history, physical, and medical testing.[9]
^ abMunro, Malcolm G (2014). "Investigation of Women with Postmenopausal Uterine Bleeding: Clinical Practice Recommendations". The Permanente Journal. 18 (1): 55–70. doi:10.7812/TPP/13-072. ISSN 1552-5767. PMC 3951032. PMID 24377427.
^Dwiggins, Maggie; Gomez-Lobo, Veronica (2017). "Current review of prepubertal vaginal bleeding". Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 29 (5): 322–327. doi:10.1097/GCO.0000000000000398. ISSN 1040-872X. PMID 28858895. S2CID 21732956.
^ ab"Bleeding During Pregnancy". www.acog.org. Retrieved 2021-09-13.
^Munro, Malcolm G.; Critchley, Hilary O.D.; Broder, Michael S.; Fraser, Ian S.; for the FIGO Working Group on Menstrual Disorders (April 2011). "FIGO classification system (PALM-COEIN) for causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in nongravid women of reproductive age". International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 113 (1): 3–13. doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2010.11.011. ISSN 0020-7292. PMID 21345435.
Vaginalbleeding is any expulsion of blood from the vagina. This bleeding may originate from the uterus, vaginal wall, or cervix. Generally, it is either...
Intermenstrual bleeding (IMB) is vaginalbleeding at irregular intervals between expected menstrual periods. It may be associated with bleeding with sexual...
Postcoital bleeding (PCB) is non-menstrual vaginalbleeding that occurs during or after sexual intercourse. Though some causes are with associated pain...
Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), also known as atypical vaginalbleeding (AVB), is vaginalbleeding from the uterus that is abnormally frequent, lasts...
Early pregnancy bleeding (also called first trimester bleeding) refers to vaginalbleeding before 14 weeks of gestational age. If the bleeding is significant...
occurs most commonly around 25 weeks of pregnancy. Symptoms may include vaginalbleeding, lower abdominal pain, and dangerously low blood pressure. Complications...
Vaginal discharge is a mixture of liquid, cells, and bacteria that lubricate and protect the vagina. This mixture is constantly produced by the cells...
is possible this theory was designed to account for the syndrome. Vaginalbleeding is the expulsion of blood from the vagina. Galen described a woman...
diagnosis, that is, it rules out other causes of vaginalbleeding. Other causes of vaginalbleeding in late pregnancy include placental abruption, placenta...
pregnancy. Bleeding may be vaginal or less commonly into the abdominal cavity. Bleeding which occurs before 24 weeks is known as early pregnancy bleeding. Causes...
of the vaginal walls), which can lead to vaginal itching, burning, bleeding, soreness, or vaginal dryness (a decrease in lubrication). Vaginal dryness...
of vaginal cancer may include abnormal vaginalbleeding, dysuria, tenesmus, or pelvic pain, though as many as 20% of women diagnosed with vaginal cancer...
opening can the total amount of haemorrhaging be measured by vaginalbleeding. Using vaginalbleeding as a measurement of the severity of the placental abruption...
term. Any vaginalbleeding? Could indicate a bloody show, a small amount of bloody discharge prior to labor, or if large amounts of bleeding occurred it...
over the cervical opening. Symptoms include vaginalbleeding in the second half of pregnancy. The bleeding is bright red and tends not to be associated...
transfusion rates. Febrile morbidity was less likely and ongoing cyclic vaginalbleeding one year after surgery was more likely after supracervical hysterectomy...
vaginosis and trichomonas vaginalis. It may be performed when there is vaginalbleeding alone and can be done at the same time a smear test. The procedure...
presentation of the following signs. Vaginalbleeding: A circumvallate placenta can increase the risk of frequent vaginalbleeding during the first trimester of...
childbirth. Symptoms, while classically including increased pain, vaginalbleeding, or a change in contractions, are not always present. Disability or...
infections. Signs and symptoms include a high fever, pelvic mass, vaginalbleeding or discharge, and lower abdominal pain. It can lead to sepsis and death...
cancer include changes in vaginalbleeding or pain in the pelvis. Symptoms of uterine sarcoma include unusual vaginalbleeding or a mass in the vagina....
especially if the bleeding won't stop. Vaginal trauma also occurs during an episiotomy and vaginal childbirth. Avoiding vaginal injuries during childbirth...
uterus. Signs and symptoms classically include abdominal pain and vaginalbleeding, but fewer than 50 percent of affected women have both of these symptoms...
S2CID 22526668. Shapley M, Jordan K, Croft PR (January 2003). "Increased vaginalbleeding: the reasons women give for consulting primary care". Journal of Obstetrics...
Endometrium of Women With Postmenopausal Bleeding". www.acog.org. Retrieved 2023-10-12. Media related to Vaginal ultrasonography at Wikimedia Commons v...
having caused any symptoms. When symptoms occur, they may include vaginalbleeding, discharge, or discomfort. Inflammation of the cervix is referred to...
husband. Islam portal Feminism portal Heavy menstrual bleeding Intermenstrual bleedingVaginalbleeding Gynecologic hemorrhage Ritual purity in Islam Islamic...
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