United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea information
International maritime law
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
Logo of the Convention
Signed
10 December 1982
Location
Montego Bay, Jamaica
Effective
16 November 1994[1]
Condition
60 ratifications
Signatories
157[2]
Parties
169[2][3]
Depositary
Secretary-General of the United Nations
Languages
Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish
Full text
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea at Wikisource
The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), also called the Law of the Sea Convention or the Law of the Sea Treaty, is an international agreement that establishes a legal framework for all marine and maritime activities. As of May 2023[update], 168 countries and the European Union are parties.
The convention resulted from the third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III), which took place between 1973 and 1982. UNCLOS replaced the four treaties of the 1958 Convention on the High Seas. UNCLOS came into force in 1994, a year after Guyana became the 60th nation to ratify the treaty.[1] In 2023, agreement was reached on a High Seas Treaty to be added as an instrument of the convention, to protect ocean life in international waters. This would provide measures including Marine Protected Areas and environmental impact assessments.
While the secretary-general of the United Nations receives instruments of ratification and accession and the UN provides support for meetings of states party to the convention, the United Nations Secretariat has no direct operational role in the implementation of the convention. A UN specialized agency, the International Maritime Organization, does play a role, however, as well as other bodies such as the International Whaling Commission and the International Seabed Authority (ISA), which was established by the convention itself.
^ ab"The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (A historical perspective)". United Nations Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea. Archived from the original on 15 September 2022. Retrieved 30 April 2009.
^ ab"United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea". United Nations Treaty Series. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2013.
^"Chronological lists of ratifications of, accessions and successions to the Convention and the related Agreements". United Nations Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea. 8 January 2010. Archived from the original on 14 April 2009. Retrieved 24 February 2010.
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Global Information
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea at Wikisource