This article is about the bacterial genus. For the generic term that includes species in other genera, see Rhizobia.
Rhizobium
Rhizobium tropici on an agar plate (Tryptone — Yeast extract agar).
Scientific classification
Domain:
Bacteria
Phylum:
Pseudomonadota
Class:
Alphaproteobacteria
Order:
Hyphomicrobiales
Family:
Rhizobiaceae
Genus:
Rhizobium Frank 1889 (Approved Lists 1980)[1][2]
Type species
Rhizobium leguminosarum
(Frank 1879) Frank 1889 (Approved Lists 1980)
Species
See text
Rhizobium is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. Rhizobium species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants.
The bacteria colonize plant cells to form root nodules, where they convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia using the enzyme nitrogenase. The ammonia is shared with the host plant in the form of organic nitrogenous compounds such as glutamine or ureides.[3] The plant, in turn, provides the bacteria with organic compounds made by photosynthesis. This mutually beneficial relationship is true of all of the rhizobia, of which the genus Rhizobium is a typical example.[4]Rhizobium is also capable of solubilizing phosphate.[5]
^Frank, B. (1889). "Über die Pilzsymbiose der Leguminosen". Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft. 7: 332–346.
^Skerman, VB; McGowan, V; Sneath, PH (1980). "Approved lists of bacterial names". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 30: 225–420. doi:10.1099/00207713-30-1-225.
^Thilakarathna, Malinda S.; Raizada, Manish N. (2018-01-01). "Visualizing Glutamine Accumulation in Root Systems Involved in the Legume–Rhizobia Symbiosis by Placement on Agar Embedded with Companion Biosensor Cells". Phytobiomes Journal. 2 (3): 117–128. doi:10.1094/PBIOMES-07-18-0031-TA.
^Sawada, Hiroyuki; Kuykendall, L. David; Young, John M. (June 2003). "Changing concepts in the systematics of bacterial nitrogen-fixing legume symbionts". The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology. 49 (3): 155–79. doi:10.2323/jgam.49.155. PMID 12949698.
^Sridevi, M; Mallaiah, KV (March 2009). "Phosphate solubilization by Rhizobium strains". Indian Journal of Microbiology. 49 (1): 98–102. doi:10.1007/s12088-009-0005-1. PMC 3450048. PMID 23100757.
Rhizobium is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. Rhizobium species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of...
species of rhizobia, Rhizobium leguminosarum, was identified in 1889, and all further species were initially placed in the Rhizobium genus. Most research...
Ensifer meliloti (formerly Rhizobium meliloti and Sinorhizobium meliloti) are an aerobic, Gram-negative, and diazotrophic species of bacteria. S. meliloti...
Rhizobium leguminosarum is a bacterium which lives in a mutualistic symbiotic relationship with legumes, and has the ability to fix free nitrogen from...
Rhizobium mongolense is a Gram negative root nodule bacteria, which nodulates and forms nitrogen-fixing symbioses with Medicago ruthenica. Its type strain...
taxonomic status of the species Rhizobium leguminosarum (Frank 1879) Frank 1889AL, Rhizobium phaseoli Dangeard 1926AL and Rhizobium trifolii Dangeard 1926AL...
Rhizobium etli is a Gram-negative root-nodule bacterium. Segovia L, Young JP, Martínez-Romero E (1993). "Reclassification of American Rhizobium leguminosarum...
Rhizobium tropici is a root nodule bacterium. Martínez-Romero E, Segovia L, Mercante FM, Franco AA, Graham P, Pardo MA. (1991). "Rhizobium tropici, a novel...
Rhizobium phaseoli is a root nodule bacterium. Dangeard PA. (1926). "Recherches sur les tubercles radicaux des Légumineuses". Botaniste (Paris). 16: 1–275...
Rhizobium lusitanum is a Gram negative root nodule bacteria, specifically nodulating Phaseolus vulgaris. Its type strain is P1-7T (=LMG 22705T =CECT 7016T)...
Rhizobium hainanense is a Gram negative root nodule bacteria. Strain CCBAU 57015 (166) is the type strain. Chen, W.-X.; Tan, Z.-Y.; Gao, J.-L.; Li, Y...
Rhizobium indigoferae is a Gram negative root nodule bacteria, which nodulates and forms nitrogen-fixing symbioses with Indigofera species. Its type strain...
Rhizobium binae is a gram-negative bacterium which was isolated from root nodules of lentils in Bangladesh. Rhizobium binae are rod-shaped bacteria found...
Rhizobium lentis is a gram-negative bacterium which was isolated from root nodules of lentils in Bangladesh. Rhizobium lentis are rod-shaped bacteria found...
Rhizobium rhizogenes (formerly Agrobacterium rhizogenes) is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that produces hairy root disease in dicotyledonous plants....
Rhizobium bangladeshense is a gram-negative bacterium which was isolated from root nodules of lentils in Bangladesh. Rhizobium bangladeshense are rod-shaped...
DNA uptake during late log phase. Jordan, D. C. (1982). "Transfer of Rhizobium japonicum Buchanan 1980 to Bradyrhizobium gen. nov., a Genus of Slow-Growing...
Rhizobium gallicum is a Gram-negative root-nodule bacterium. It forms nitrogen-fixing root nodules on legumes, being first isolated from those of Phaseolus...
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is the causal agent of crown gall disease (the formation of tumours) in over 140 species of eudicots. It is a rod-shaped, Gram-negative...
Biofertilizers such as Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirilium and blue green algae(BGA) have been in use a long time. Rhizobium inoculant is used for leguminous...
Rhizobium viscosum is a bacterium species from the genus Rhizobium which has been isolated from soil from the city airport in Guatemala. Rhizobium viscosum...
vitis). In the early 2000s, Agrobacterium was synonymized with the genus Rhizobium. This move proved to be controversial. The debate was finally resolved...
(1 July 1997). "Transfer of Rhizobium loti, Rhizobium huakuii, Rhizobium ciceri, Rhizobium mediterraneum, and Rhizobium tianshanense to Mesorhizobium...
Vial L, Paulin L, de Lajudie P, Lindström K (2014). "Phylogeny of the Rhizobium–Allorhizobium–Agrobacterium clade supports the delineation of Neorhizobium...
curling around the Rhizobium. Within the root tip, a small tube called the infection thread forms, which provides a pathway for the Rhizobium to travel into...
also been classified in the genus Rhizobium. A 1999 study suggested that A. vitis is more closely related to Rhizobium galegae than to other Agrobacterium...
grass has pest status in the American cattle industry. Many legumes have Rhizobium nitrogen-fixing bacteria in nodules of their roots, which fix nitrogen...
Vial L, Paulin L, de Lajudie P, Lindström K (2014). "Phylogeny of the Rhizobium–Allorhizobium–Agrobacterium clade supports the delineation of Neorhizobium...
tumors produced by pathogenic bacteria of the genus Agrobacterium and Rhizobium. Opine biosynthesis is catalyzed by specific enzymes encoded by genes...
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