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Treaty of Nanking information


Treaty of Nanking
Treaty of Peace, Friendship, and Commerce Between Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland and the Emperor of China[1]
Signing of the treaty on board HMS Cornwallis
Signed29 August 1842 (1842-08-29)
LocationNanjing, Qing Empire
Effective26 June 1843 (1843-06-26)
ConditionExchange of ratifications
Parties
  • Treaty of Nanking Qing Empire
  • Treaty of Nanking United Kingdom
LanguagesEnglish and Chinese
Full text
Treaty of Nanking Treaty of Nanking at Wikisource
Treaty of Nanking
Traditional Chinese南京條約
Simplified Chinese南京条约

The Treaty of Nanking was an unequal treaty between Great Britain and the Qing dynasty of China to end the First Opium War (1839–1842), signed on 29 August 1842.

In the wake of China's military defeat, with British warships poised to attack Nanjing (then romanized as Nanking), British and Chinese officials negotiated on board HMS Cornwallis anchored in the Yangtze at the city. On 29 August, British representative Sir Henry Pottinger and Qing representatives Keying, Yilibu, and Niu Jian signed the treaty, which consisted of thirteen articles.

The treaty was ratified by the Daoguang Emperor on 27 October and Queen Victoria on 28 December. Ratification was exchanged in Hong Kong on 26 June 1843. The treaty required the Chinese to pay an indemnity, to cede the Island of Hong Kong to the British as a colony, to essentially end the Canton system that had limited trade to that port and allow trade at Five Treaty Ports. It was followed in 1843 by the Treaty of the Bogue, which granted extraterritoriality and most favoured nation status.

  1. ^ Mayers, William Frederick (1902). Treaties Between the Empire of China and Foreign Powers (4th ed.). Shanghai: North-China Herald, London (1871)ld. p. 1.

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