This article is about the 19th-century American movement. For other uses, see Transcendence (disambiguation).
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Transcendentalism is a philosophical, spiritual, and literary movement that developed in the late 1820s and 1830s in the New England region of the United States.[1][2][3] A core belief is in the inherent goodness of people and nature,[1] and while society and its institutions have corrupted the purity of the individual, people are at their best when truly "self-reliant" and independent. Transcendentalists saw divine experience inherent in the everyday, rather than believing in a distant heaven. Transcendentalists saw physical and spiritual phenomena as part of dynamic processes rather than discrete entities.
Transcendentalism is one of the first philosophical currents that emerged in the United States;[4] it is therefore a key early point in the history of American philosophy. Emphasizing subjective intuition over objective empiricism, its adherents believe that individuals are capable of generating completely original insights with little attention and deference to past transcendentalists. Its rise was a protest against the general state of intellectualism and spirituality at the time.[5] The doctrine of the Unitarian church as taught at Harvard Divinity School was closely related.
Transcendentalism emerged from "English and German Romanticism, the Biblical criticism of Johann Gottfried Herder and Friedrich Schleiermacher, the skepticism of David Hume",[1] and the transcendental philosophy of Immanuel Kant and German idealism. Perry Miller and Arthur Versluis regard Emanuel Swedenborg and Jakob Böhme as pervasive influences on transcendentalism.[6][7]
^ abcGoodman, Russell (2015). "Transcendentalism". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Archived from the original on 2010-07-11. Retrieved 2007-11-07. "Transcendentalism is an American literary, political, and philosophical movement of the early nineteenth century, centered around Ralph Waldo Emerson."
^Wayne, Tiffany K., ed. (2006). Encyclopedia of Transcendentalism. Facts On File's Literary Movements. ISBN 9781438109169. Archived from the original on 2024-02-08. Retrieved 2016-10-16.
^"Transcendentalism". Merriam Webster. 2016. Archived from the original on 2022-01-28. Retrieved 2016-10-17."a philosophy which says that thought and spiritual things are more real than ordinary human experience and material things"
^Coviello, Peter. "Transcendentalism" The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Literature. Oxford University Press, 2004. Oxford Reference Online. Web. 23 Oct. 2011
^Finseth, Ian. "American Transcendentalism". Excerpted from "Liquid Fire Within Me": Language, Self and Society in Transcendentalism and Early Evangelicalism, 1820–1860, – M.A. Thesis, 1995. Archived from the original on 16 April 2013. Retrieved 18 April 2013.
Transcendentalism is a philosophical, spiritual, and literary movement that developed in the late 1820s and 1830s in the New England region of the United...
spirituality as a distinct field. He was one of the major figures in Transcendentalism, an early 19th-century liberal Protestant movement, which was rooted...
his contemporaries, formulating and expressing the philosophy of Transcendentalism in his 1836 essay "Nature". Following this work, he gave a speech...
optimists who believed in human virtue and spirituality formed the Transcendentalism Movement, while pessimists who accepted human fallibility and our...
JSTOR 1464070 IEP Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Transcendentalism "Jone John Lewis, What is Transcendentalism?". Archived from the original on 2013-12-09...
theology Religious skepticism Spiritualism Shamanism Taoic Theism Transcendentalism more... Religious language Eschatological verification Language game...
literature. Led by Ralph Waldo Emerson and Margaret Fuller in New England, transcendentalism branched from Unitarianism as the first major American philosophical...
Transcendent theosophy or al-hikmat al-muta’āliyah (حكمت متعاليه), the doctrine and philosophy developed by Persian philosopher Mulla Sadra (d.1635 CE)...
theology Religious skepticism Spiritualism Shamanism Taoic Theism Transcendentalism more... Religious language Eschatological verification Language game...
hence considered as sacred by some traditions (Rousseau, American transcendentalism) or a mere decorum for divine providence or human history (Hegel,...
Dial and Æsthetic Papers. She was an advocate of antislavery and of Transcendentalism. Peabody also led efforts for the rights of the Paiute Indians. She...
wife of George Ripley, was a 19th-century feminist associated with Transcendentalism and the Brook Farm community. She was born Sophia Willard Dana in...
was at the heart of the project of nineteenth-century New England Transcendentalism. "Self-culture," declared Transcendentalist lecturer John Albee in...
(supernatural) transcendentalism, with science fiction films on the side of empiricism, and happy films and sad films on the side of transcendentalism. However...
organization founded by Charles and Myrtle Fillmore in 1889. It grew out of Transcendentalism and became part of the New Thought movement. Unity may be best known...
significant characteristic of the genre. Further characteristics include transcendentalism, mythology, pessimistic cosmological and historical surveys, dualism...
theology Religious skepticism Spiritualism Shamanism Taoic Theism Transcendentalism more... Religious language Eschatological verification Language game...
philosophical movements and beliefs from the nineteenth century, such as transcendentalism and pseudoscience. An early version of the story was published in...
philosophies are known as American in origin, namely pragmatism and transcendentalism, with their most prominent proponents being the philosophers William...
intellectuals of the early-to-mid-19th century which gave rise to Transcendentalism. Frederic Henry Hedge, Ralph Waldo Emerson, George Ripley, and George...
Landmarks Commission in 1985. After 1846, Parker shifted from a focus on Transcendentalism and challenging the bounds of Unitarian theology to a focus on the...
Abolitionism in the United States Classical liberalism Anti-Federalism Transcendentalism Individualist anarchism in the United States Old Right New Left Freedom...