Any of various steels that are particularly well-suited to be made into tools and tooling
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Steels
Phases
Ferrite
Austenite
Cementite
Martensite
Graphite
Microstructures
Spheroidite
Pearlite
Bainite
Ledeburite
Tempered martensite
Widmanstätten structures
Classes
Crucible steel
Carbon steel
Spring steel
Alloy steel
Maraging steel
Stainless steel
High-speed steel
Weathering steel
Tool steel
Other iron-based materials
Cast iron
Gray iron
White iron
Ductile iron
Malleable iron
Wrought iron
Tool steel is any of various carbon steels and alloy steels that are particularly well-suited to be made into tools and tooling, including cutting tools, dies, hand tools, knives, and others. Their suitability comes from their distinctive hardness, resistance to abrasion and deformation, and their ability to hold a cutting edge at elevated temperatures. As a result, tool steels are suited for use in the shaping of other materials, as for example in cutting, machining, stamping, or forging.
Tool steels have a carbon content between 0.5% and 1.5%. The presence of carbides in their matrix plays the dominant role in the qualities of tool steel. The four major alloying elements that form carbides in tool steel are: tungsten, chromium, vanadium and molybdenum. The rate of dissolution of the different carbides into the austenite form of the iron determines the high-temperature performance of steel (slower is better, making for a heat-resistant steel). Proper heat treatment of these steels is important for adequate performance.[1] The manganese content is often kept low to minimize the possibility of cracking during water quenching.
There are six groups of tool steels: water-hardening, cold-work, shock-resistant, high-speed, hot-work, and special purpose. The choice of group to select depends on cost, working temperature, required surface hardness, strength, shock resistance, and toughness requirements.[2] The more severe the service condition (higher temperature, abrasiveness, corrosiveness, loading), the higher the alloy content and consequent amount of carbides required for the tool steel.
Tool steels are used for cutting, pressing, extruding, and coining of metals and other materials. Their use in tooling is essential; injection molds for example require tool steels for their resistance to abrasion- an important criterion for mold durability which enables hundreds of thousands of moldings operations over its lifetime.
The AISI-SAE grades of tool steel is the most common scale used to identify various grades of tool steel. Individual alloys within a grade are given a number; for example: A2, O1, etc.
^Verhoeven, John (2007). Steel Metallurgy for the Non-Metallurgist. ASM International. p. 159. ISBN 978-0-87170-858-8. Retrieved 9 November 2014..
^Baumeister, Avallone, Baumeister (1978). "6". Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 8th ed. McGraw Hill. pp. 33, 34. ISBN 9780070041233.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Toolsteel is any of various carbon steels and alloy steels that are particularly well-suited to be made into tools and tooling, including cutting tools...
infrastructure, tools, ships, trains, cars, bicycles, machines, electrical appliances, furniture, and weapons. Iron is always the main element in steel, but many...
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Uddeholms AB is a multinational producer of high alloyed toolsteel with production in Hagfors, Sweden. Since 1991, the company is part of the Austrian...
grades" Comparison of various steel standards Comparison of various toolsteel standards General guide to the EN 10027 steel name and numbering systems....
Silver steel is common toolsteel that is supplied as a centerless ground round bar (with tolerances similar to that of drill bit). The name comes from...
An anvil is a metalworking tool consisting of a large block of metal (usually forged or cast steel), with a flattened top surface, upon which another...
replaced the earlier kinds of toolsteel in almost all cutting applications. Most tool bits today are made of HSS, cobalt steel, or carbide. Carbide, ceramics...
German 'Kern', core) was a 7.92×57mm Mauser armor-piercing bullet with a toolsteel core designed to be fired from a standard Mauser rifle. The German Army...
for structural steel in North America were A7 (until 1967) and A9 (for buildings, until 1940). Note that SAE/AISI A7 and A9 toolsteels are not the same...
stainless steel. Outside of the US it is commonly known as "A2 stainless steel", in accordance with ISO 3506 (not to be confused with A2 toolsteel). The...
use. Modern entrenching tools are usually collapsible and made using steel, aluminum, or other light metals. Entrenching tools go back at least to the...
Testing, United Steel Co., Sheffield, UK. Drozda, Tom; Wick, Charles; Benedict, John T.; Veilleux, Raymond F.; Bakerjian, Ramon (1987), Tool and manufacturing...
in alloys such as high-speed steel or toolsteel. Small amounts of manganese are usually alloyed with most modern steels because of its ability to remove...
high-speed steel or other toolsteels. Carbide tools can withstand higher temperatures at the cutter-workpiece interface than standard high-speed steeltools (which...
or of a single piece of cast or forged toolsteel. Some anvils are made of only cast iron and have no toolsteel face. These are not real anvils, and will...
during the performance of repair treatments. They are made of stainless or toolsteel and are available in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. "Lab Spatulas...
both the first toolsteel and the first air-hardening steel. It was invented in 1868 by Robert Forester Mushet. Prior to Mushet steel, steel had to be quenched...
simple tools, only human beings, whose use of stone tools dates back hundreds of millennia, have been observed using tools to make other tools. Early...
Spring steel is a name given to a wide range of steels used in the manufacture of different products, including swords, saw blades, springs and many more...
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