Steel in which the main interstitial alloying constituent is carbon
Steels
Phases
Ferrite
Austenite
Cementite
Martensite
Graphite
Microstructures
Spheroidite
Pearlite
Bainite
Ledeburite
Tempered martensite
Widmanstätten structures
Classes
Crucible steel
Carbon steel
Spring steel
Alloy steel
Maraging steel
Stainless steel
High-speed steel
Weathering steel
Tool steel
Other iron-based materials
Cast iron
Gray iron
White iron
Ductile iron
Malleable iron
Wrought iron
Carbon steel is a steel with carbon content from about 0.05 up to 2.1 percent by weight. The definition of carbon steel from the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) states:
no minimum content is specified or required for chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium, or any other element to be added to obtain a desired alloying effect;
the specified minimum for copper does not exceed 0.40%;
or the specified maximum for any of the following elements does not exceed the percentages noted: manganese 1.65%; silicon 0.60%; copper 0.60%.[1]
The term carbon steel may also be used in reference to steel which is not stainless steel; in this use carbon steel may include alloy steels. High carbon steel has many different uses such as milling machines, cutting tools (such as chisels) and high strength wires. These applications require a much finer microstructure, which improves the toughness.
As the carbon content percentage rises, steel has the ability to become harder and stronger through heat treating; however, it becomes less ductile. Regardless of the heat treatment, a higher carbon content reduces weldability. In carbon steels, the higher carbon content lowers the melting point.[2]
^Cite error: The named reference kts was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Knowles, Peter Reginald (1987), Design of structural steelwork (2nd ed.), Taylor & Francis, p. 1, ISBN 978-0-903384-59-9.
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