Tiantai information

Tiantai
Tiantai
Chinese name
Chinese	天台
Hanyu Pinyin	PRC Standard Mandarin: Tiāntāi; ROC Standard Mandarin: Tiāntái
Literal meaning	from "Tiantai [Heavenly Terrace] Mountain"
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	PRC Standard Mandarin: Tiāntāi; ROC Standard Mandarin: Tiāntái
Bopomofo	PRC: ㄊㄧㄢㄊㄞ; ROC: ㄊㄧㄢㄊㄞˊ
Gwoyeu Romatzyh	PRC: Tiantai; ROC: Tiantair
Wade–Giles	PRC: T‘ien1-t‘ai1; ROC: T‘ien1-t‘ai2
Tongyong Pinyin	PRC: Tiantai; ROC: Tiantái
Yale Romanization	PRC: Tyāntāi; ROC: Tyāntái
MPS2	PRC: Tiāntāi; ROC: Tiāntái
IPA	PRC: [tʰjɛ́n.tʰáɪ]; ROC: [tʰjɛ́n.tʰǎɪ]
Wu
Romanization	Tí Tai
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization	Tīn-tòih
Vietnamese name
Vietnamese alphabet	Thiên Thai
Chữ Hán	天台
Korean name
Hangul	천태
Hanja	天台
Revised Romanization
Transcriptions
Revised Romanization	Cheontae
Japanese name
Kanji	天台
Romanization
Transcriptions
Romanization	Tendai

Tiantai or T'ien-t'ai (Chinese: 天台; pinyin: PRC Standard Mandarin: Tiāntāi, ROC Standard Mandarin: Tiāntái, Wu Taizhou dialect (Tiantai native language): Tí Taî) is an East Asian Buddhist school of Mahāyāna Buddhism that developed in 6th-century China.^[1] Tiantai Buddhism emphasizes the "One Vehicle" (Ekayāna) doctrine derived from the Lotus Sūtra as well as Mādhyamaka philosophy, particularly as articulated in the works of the 4th patriarch Zhiyi (538–597 CE).^[2]^[3] Brook Ziporyn, professor of ancient and medieval Chinese religion and philosophy, states that Tiantai Buddhism is "the earliest attempt at a thoroughgoing Sinitic reworking of the Indian Buddhist tradition."^[4] According to Paul Swanson, scholar of Buddhist studies, Tiantai Buddhism grew to become "one of the most influential Buddhist traditions in China and Japan."^[5]

The name of the school is derived from the fact that Zhiyi lived on Tiantai Mountain (Tiantai means "platform of the sky"),^[1] which then became a major center for the tradition.^[6]^[7] Zhiyi is also regarded as the first major figure to form an indigenous Chinese Buddhist system. Tiantai is sometimes also called "The Lotus School", after the central role of the Lotus Sūtra in its teachings.^[8]

During the Sui dynasty, the Tiantai school became one of the leading schools of Chinese Buddhism, with numerous large temples supported by emperors and wealthy patrons. The school's influence waned and was revived again through the Tang dynasty and also rose again during the Song dynasty. Chinese Tiantai remains a living tradition to this day, being particularly strong in Hong Kong.

The Japanese Tendai school is also an influential tradition which branched off from Tiantai during the 9th century, and played a major role in the development of Japanese Buddhism. A Korean offshoot, the Cheontae school, was also established during the 12th century. Furthermore, Tiantai (and its offshoots) were very influential in the development of other forms of East Asian Buddhism, such as Zen and Pure Land.^[9]

^ ^a ^b Ziporyn, Brook (Winter 2022). "Tiantai Buddhism". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University. ISSN 1095-5054. OCLC 643092515. Archived from the original on 13 November 2022. Retrieved 1 December 2022.
^ Groner 2000, p. 199–200.
^ Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Ziporyn (2016), p. ix.
^ Swanson (1989), p. 155.
^ Snelling 1987, p. 154.
^ Ziporyn, Brook, "Tiantai Buddhism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2020 Edition)
^ Ziporyn 2004.
^ Swanson (1989), pp. x, 155.

[Stanford_2022-1] Ziporyn, Brook (Winter 2022). "Tiantai Buddhism". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University. ISSN 1095-5054. OCLC 643092515. Archived from the original on 13 November 2022. Retrieved 1 December 2022.

[FOOTNOTEGroner2000199–200-2] Groner 2000, p. 199–200.

[:0-3] Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[4] Ziporyn (2016), p. ix.

[5] Swanson (1989), p. 155.

[FOOTNOTESnelling1987154-6] Snelling 1987, p. 154.

[7] Ziporyn, Brook, "Tiantai Buddhism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2020 Edition)

[FOOTNOTEZiporyn2004-8] Ziporyn 2004.

[9] Swanson (1989), pp. x, 155.

Tiantai information

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Tiantai

Tiantai Mountain

Tiantai Temple

Tiantai County

Tiantai dialect

Qingdao Tiantai Stadium

Chinese Buddhism

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Philosophy

Chinese language

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The Buddha

Dalai Lama

Hedonism

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Lotus Sutra

Three Turnings of the Wheel of Dharma

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Mahāyāna Buddhism
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Teachings Bodhisattva Buddhahood Mind of Awakening Buddha-nature Skillful Means Transcendent Wisdom Transcendent Virtues Emptiness Two truths Consciousness-only Three bodies Three vehicles Non-abiding Nirvana One Vehicle Bodhisattva Precepts Bodhisattva vow Bodhisattva stages Pure Lands Luminous mind Dharani Three Turnings
Buddhas and Bodhisattvas Shakyamuni Amitabha Adi-Buddha Akshobhya Prajñāpāramitā Devī Bhaiṣajyaguru Vairocana Mañjuśrī Avalokiteśvara Vajrapāṇi Vajrasattva Maitreya Kṣitigarbha Ākāśagarbha Samantabhadra Tara Wrathful deities
Mahayana sutras Prajñāpāramitā sūtras Lotus Sūtra Buddhāvataṃsaka Sūtra Mahāratnakūṭa Sūtra Mahāsaṃnipāta Sūtra Vimalakirtinirdeśa Pure Land Sutras Lalitavistara Sūtra Samādhirāja Sūtra Saṃdhinirmocana Sūtra Tathāgatagarbha sūtras Śrīmālādevī Sūtra Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra Śūraṅgama Samādhi Sūtra Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra Ghanavyūha sūtra Golden Light Sutra Tathāgataguhyaka Sūtra Kāraṇḍavyūha Sūtra
Major schools Mādhyamaka Yogācāra Tiantai Tendai Huayan Zen Shingon Pure Land Nichiren Vajrayāna Tibetan Buddhism Dzogchen
Key figures Nāgārjuna Ashvaghosha Āryadeva Lokakṣema Kumārajīva Asanga Vasubandhu Sthiramati Buddhapālita Dignāga Bhāvaviveka Dharmakīrti Candrakīrti Zhiyi Bodhidharma Huineng Shandao Xuanzang Fazang Amoghavajra Saichō Kūkai Shāntideva Shāntarakshita Wohnyo Mazu Daoyi Jinul Dahui Zonggao Hongzhi Zhengjue Hōnen Shinran Dōgen Nichiren Śaṅkaranandana Virūpa Ratnākaraśānti Abhayākaragupta Nāropā Atisha Sakya Pandita Dolpopa Rangjung Dorje Tsongkhapa Longchenpa Hakuin Hanshan Taixu D. T. Suzuki Sheng-yen 14th Dalai Lama Thích Nhất Hạnh
Regional traditions Han Chinese Japan Korea Vietnam Tibetan Nepal Newar Bhutan Mongolia Malaysia Indonesia West
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