Global InformationZen information
| Zen | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Chinese name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 禪 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 禅 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Vietnamese name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vietnamese alphabet | Thiền | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chữ Hán | 禪 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Korean name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hangul | 선 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hanja | 禪 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Japanese name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kanji | 禅 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kana | ぜん | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Zen (Japanese;[note 1] from Chinese "Chán"; in Korean: Sŏn, and Vietnamese: Thiền) is a school of Mahayana Buddhism that originated in China during the Tang dynasty as the Chan School (Chánzong 禪宗, "meditation school") or the Buddha-mind school (foxin zong),[1] and later developed into various sub-schools and branches. From China, Chán spread south to Vietnam and became Vietnamese Thiền, northeast to Korea to become Seon Buddhism, and east to Japan, becoming Japanese Zen.[2]
The term Zen is derived from the Japanese pronunciation of the Middle Chinese word 禪 (chán), an abbreviation of 禪那 (chánnà), which is a Chinese transliteration of the Sanskrit word ध्यान dhyāna ("meditation").[note 2] Zen emphasizes rigorous self-restraint, meditation-practice and insight (見性, Ch. jiànxìng, Jp. kensho), "perceiving the true nature" of oneself as Buddha-mind (bodhicitta and Buddha-nature), and the personal expression of this insight in daily life for the benefit of others.[4][5] As such, it de-emphasizes knowledge alone of sutras and doctrine,[6][7] and favors direct understanding through spiritual practice and interaction with an accomplished teacher (Jp: rōshi)[8] or "master teacher" (Ch: shīfu).
Zen teaching draws from numerous Buddhist sources, including Sarvāstivāda meditation, Yogachara, the Tathāgatagarbha sūtras, the Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra, and the Huayan school, with their emphasis on Buddha-nature thought, intrinsic enlightenment and sudden awakening.[9][10] The Prajñāpāramitā literature,[11] as well as Madhyamaka thought, have also been influential in the shaping of the apophatic and sometimes iconoclastic nature of Zen rhetoric.[12]
Furthermore, the Chan School was also influenced by Taoist philosophy, especially Neo-Daoist thought.[13]
Cite error: There are <ref group=note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=note}} template (see the help page).
- ^ Buswell & Lopez (2014), p. "foxin zong".
- ^ Harvey 1995, p. 159–169.
- ^ Dumoulin 2005a, p. xvii.
- ^ Yoshizawa 2009, p. 41.
- ^ Sekida 1989.
- ^ Poceski n.d.
- ^ Borup 2008, p. 8.
- ^ Yampolski 2003a, p. 3.
- ^ Dumoulin 2005a, p. 48.
- ^ Lievens 1981, p. 52–53.
- ^ Dumoulin 2005a, pp. 41–45.
- ^ Andre van der Braak (2011), Self Overcoming Without a Self, p.117
- ^ Wang 2017, p. 79.