For the incumbent Dalai Lama, see 14th Dalai Lama.
Dalai Lama
ཏཱ་ལའི་བླ་མ་
Incumbent Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama
Residence
McLeod Ganj, Dharamshala, India
Formation
1391
First holder
Gendün Drubpa, 1st Dalai Lama, posthumously awarded after 1578.
Website
dalailama.com
Dalai Lama (UK: /ˈdælaɪˈlɑːmə/, US: /ˈdɑːlaɪ/;[1][2] Tibetan: ཏཱ་ལའི་བླ་མ་, Wylie: Tā la'i bla ma[táːlɛːláma]) is a title given by the Tibetan people to the foremost spiritual leader of the Gelug or "Yellow Hat" school of Tibetan Buddhism, the newest and most dominant of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism.[3] The 14th and incumbent Dalai Lama is Tenzin Gyatso, who lives in exile as a refugee in India. The Dalai Lama is considered to be the successor in a line of tulkus who are believed[2] to be incarnations of Avalokiteśvara,[1] the Bodhisattva of Compassion.[4][5]
Since the time of the 5th Dalai Lama in the 17th century, the Dalai Lama has been a symbol of unification of the state of Tibet.[6] The Dalai Lama was an important figure of the Geluk tradition, which was dominant in Central Tibet, but his religious authority went beyond sectarian boundaries, representing Buddhist values and traditions above any specific school.[7] The traditional function of the Dalai Lama as an ecumenical figure has been taken up by the fourteenth Dalai Lama, who has worked to overcome sectarian and other divisions[further explanation needed] in the exiled community and has become a symbol of Tibetan nationhood for Tibetans both in Tibet and in exile.[8]
From 1642 until 1705 and from 1750 to the 1950s, the Dalai Lamas or their regents headed the Tibetan government (or Ganden Phodrang) in Lhasa, which governed all or most of the Tibetan Plateau with varying degrees of autonomy.[9] This Tibetan government enjoyed the patronage and protection of Mongol kings of the Khoshut and Dzungar Khanates (1642–1720) and then the emperors of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty (1720–1912).[9] In 1913, several Tibetan representatives, including Agvan Dorzhiev, signed a treaty between Tibet and Mongolia, proclaiming mutual recognition and their independence from China. The legitimacy of the treaty and declared independence of Tibet was rejected by both the Republic of China and the People's Republic of China.[10][11] The Dalai Lamas headed the Tibetan government until 1951.
^ ab"Definition of Dalai Lama in English". Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on 27 July 2013. Retrieved 2 May 2015. The spiritual head of Tibetan Buddhism and, until the establishment of Chinese communist rule, the spiritual and temporal ruler of Tibet. Each Dalai Lama is believed to be the reincarnation of the bodhisattva Avalokitesvara, reappeared in a child when the incumbent Dalai Lama dies
^ ab"Dalai lama". Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 26 February 2014. Retrieved 12 March 2014. (formerly) the ruler and chief monk of Tibet, believed to be a reincarnation of Avalokitesvara and sought for among newborn children after the death of the preceding Dalai Lama
^Schaik, Sam van. Tibet: A History. Yale University Press 2011, page 129, "Gelug: the newest of the schools of Tibetan Buddhism"
^Peter Popham (29 January 2015). "Relentless: The Dalai Lama's Heart of Steel". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 29 April 2015. Retrieved 1 May 2015. His mystical legitimacy – of huge importance to the faithful – stems from the belief that the Dalai Lamas are manifestations of Avalokiteshvara, the Bodhisattva of Compassion
^Laird 2006, p. 12.
^Woodhead, Linda (2016). Religions in the Modern World. Abingdon: Routledge. p. 94. ISBN 978-0-415-85881-6.
^Religions in the Modern World: Traditions and Transformations. Taylor and Francis. Kindle locations 2519–2522.
^Cantwell and Kawanami (2016). Religions in the Modern World. Routledge. p. 94. ISBN 978-0-415-85880-9.
^ abSmith 1997, pp. 107–149.
^Emilian Kavalski (1 April 2016). The Ashgate Research Companion to Chinese Foreign Policy. Routledge. pp. 445–. ISBN 978-1-317-04389-8.
^"Udo B. Barkmann - Die Mongolei und die VR China – Wege zur strategischen Partnerschaft (2003–2011)", Geschichte und Gesellschaft des modernen China, Peter Lang, 2016, doi:10.3726/978-3-653-06417-9/36, ISBN 9783631671146
DalaiLama (UK: /ˈdælaɪ ˈlɑːmə/, US: /ˈdɑːlaɪ/; Tibetan: ཏཱ་ལའི་བླ་མ་, Wylie: Tā la'i bla ma [táːlɛː láma]) is a title given by the Tibetan people to...
The 14th DalaiLama (spiritual name: Jetsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso, also known as Tenzin Gyatso; né Lhamo Thondup; born 6 July 1935)...
Thub Bstan Rgya Mtsho; 12 February 1876 – 17 December 1933) was the 13th DalaiLama of Tibet, enthroned during a turbulent era and the collapse of the Qing...
pronunciation: [ŋɑ̀wɑ̀ŋ lɔ́psɑ̀ŋ cɑ̀t͡só]; 1617–1682) was the 5th DalaiLama and the first DalaiLama to wield effective temporal and spiritual power over all...
grub pa; 1391–1474) was considered posthumously to have been the 1st DalaiLama. Gedun Drupa was born in a cow-shed in Gyurmey Rupa near Sakya in the...
Gyamco; born 1 March 1683, died after 1706) was the 6th DalaiLama. He was an unconventional DalaiLama that preferred a libertine lifestyle to that of an...
DalaiLama once suggested the different possibilities of reincarnation for the next (15th) DalaiLama, but because of the feudal origin of the Dalai Lama...
rgya mtsho, ZYPY: Soinam Gyaco; 1543–1588) was the first to be named DalaiLama, although the title was retrospectively given to his two predecessors...
Gyatso Palzangpo, was considered posthumously to have been the second DalaiLama. Gedun Gyatso was born near Shigatse at Tanak as Sangye Phel (Tibetan:...
7th DalaiLama of Tibet, recognized as the true incarnation of the 6th DalaiLama, and enthroned after a pretender was deposed. The Seventh DalaiLama was...
11th DalaiLama of Tibet. He was recognised as the Eleventh DalaiLama in 1840, having come from the same village as Kelzang Gyatso, the seventh Dalai Lama...
Jamphel Gyatso (1758–1804) was the 8th DalaiLama of Tibet. Born in 1758 at Lhari Gang (Tob-rgyal Lha-ri Gang) in the Upper Ü-Tsang region of southwestern...
1815), was the 9th DalaiLama of Tibet. He was the only DalaiLama to die in childhood and was first of a string of four DalaiLamas to die before reaching...
Gyatso and Thinle Gyatso; 28 December 1856 – 25 April 1875) was the 12th DalaiLama of Tibet. His short life coincided with a time of major political unrest...
authority second only to the DalaiLama. Along with the council of high lamas, he is in charge of seeking out the next DalaiLama. Panchen is a portmanteau...
mtsho) or Tsultrim Gyatso (29 March 1816 – 30 September 1837) was the 10th DalaiLama of Tibet, and born in Chamdo. He was fully ordained in the Gelug school...
Yonten Gyatso or Yon-tan-rgya-mtsho (1589–1617), was the 4th DalaiLama, born in Tümed on the 30th day of the 12th month of the Earth-Ox year of the Tibetan...
head of the school, though its most influential political figure is the DalaiLama ("Ocean Teacher"). Allying themselves with the Mongol Khans, the Gelug...
related to political duties of the 14th DalaiLama and regents were repealed. On 29 April 1959, the then-DalaiLama re-established the Kashag, which was...
teachings. Other high-profile examples of tulkus include the DalaiLamas, the Panchen Lamas, the Samding Dorje Phagmos, Khyentses, the Zhabdrung Rinpoches...
is the 11th Panchen Lama belonging to the Gelugpa school of Tibetan Buddhism, as recognized and announced by the 14th DalaiLama on 14 May 1995. Three...
for the next 300 years. In the 17th century, the senior lama of the Gelug school, the DalaiLama, became the head of state with the aid of the Khoshut Khanate...
high lama of the Gelugpa school, the name DalaiLama, Dalai being the Mongolian translation of the Tibetan name Gyatso "Ocean". The 5th DalaiLama (1617–1682)...
Lama is considered the second most important spiritual leader in Tibetan Buddhism after the DalaiLama. Following the death of the 10th Panchen Lama,...
out that the DalaiLama had been dis-invited by no fault of his own". Sara and Clare were credited with being able to bring the DalaiLama to Albany to...
Tibetan protesters feared that the Chinese government might arrest the 14th DalaiLama. The protests were also fueled by anti-Chinese sentiment and separatism...
the 1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China. Later in the 1970s, the 14th DalaiLama, who had backed it since 1961, also withdrew his support but now supports...
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